Objective The aim of this randomized controlled study was to investigate the effects of insoles with a toe-grip bar on toe function and standing balance in healthy young women. Methods Thirty female subjects were randomly assigned to an intervention group or a control group. The intervention group wore shoes with insoles with a toe-grip bar. The control group wore shoes with general insoles. ...

BACKGROUND The associations between toe grip strength (TGS) and foot structure are not well known, although foot structure is inferred to affect TGS. This study investigated the associations between TGS and hallux valgus angle (HVA), toe curl ability, and foot arch height (FAH). METHODS This study analysed 227, 20 to 79-year-old, community-dwelling participants. TGS, HVA formed by the first m...

Toe walking is a gait deviation with multiple etiologies and often associated with premature and prolonged ankle plantar flexor electromyographic activity. The goal of this study was to use a detailed musculoskeletal model and forward dynamical simulations that emulate able-bodied toe and heel-toe walking to understand why, despite an increase in muscle activity in the ankle plantar flexors dur...

The extensor digitorum brevis muscle (EDB) is a practical option for use as an island flap or free flap when reconstructing soft tissue defects in the ankle as well as in the entire lower limb. It is frequently used to correct crossover toe deformity and other painful toe disorders. We evaluated the morphometry of the EDB in 44 formalin-fixed limbs. Length and width of the muscles were measured...

The objective of this study was to evaluate function of the great toe in maintaining human static and dynamic balance. Correlation among the great toe length, body height and balance performance parameters were also investigated. Thirty female subjects (aged 22.1±1.87 years) were tested in two great toe conditions, unconstrained and constrained. Balance testing was done in the orders listed: 1)...

Tripping is presumed to be the principal cause for falls during walking. At minimum toe clearance, the potential for trip-related falls is considered to be highest. Thus, controlling minimum toe clearance is essential for walking without tripping. In theory, the central nervous system should therefore give priority to accurate control of the variability in minimum toe clearance, as compared to ...

Society is increasingly concerned about the welfare of animals kept for food production, for this reason, invasive procedures such as toe trimming in turkeys must be studied to assess the corresponding welfare implications and to ensure such procedures are acceptable for continued use. To this end, research was conducted to evaluate the welfare effects of toe trimming on toms raised to 140 d. T...

The phalangeal portion of the forefoot is extremely short relative to body mass in humans. This derived pedal proportion is thought to have evolved in the context of committed bipedalism, but the benefits of shorter toes for walking and/or running have not been tested previously. Here, we propose a biomechanical model of toe function in bipedal locomotion that suggests that shorter pedal phalan...

Although recent studies have reported that the forefoot bones are longer in sprinters than in non-sprinters, these reports included a relatively small number of subjects. Moreover, while computer simulation suggested that longer forefoot bones may contribute to higher sprint performance by enhancing plantar flexor moment during sprinting, the correlation between forefoot bone length and sprint ...

UNLABELLED Toe-tip injury presents a challenging problem. There are few techniques that provide cover for distal toe defects, and most injuries are usually treated with terminalization or a skin graft. In patients with toe-tip injuries where there is preservation of the plantar toe pulp, V-Y flap advancement is a therapeutic option. In this article, we describe the surgical technique used and p...