Genetic engineering of plants has turned out to be an attractive approach produce various secondary metabolites. Here, we attempted kynurenine, a health-promoting metabolite, in Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco) transformed by Agrobacterium tumefaciens with the gene, coding for human indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1), enzyme responsible kynurenine production because tryptophan degradation. The pre...

Nicotine, the primary psychoactive agent in tobacco leaves, has led to widespread use of tobacco, with over one billion smokers globally. This article provides a historical overview and discusses dependence, as well biological effects induced by nicotine on mammalian cells. Nicotine induces various effects, such neoangiogenesis, cell division, proliferation, it affects neural non-neural cells t...

expansin proteins are a type of cell-wall loosening proteins which able to cell wall expansion in ph-dependent manure without hydrolyze of main cell wall structures. the arabidopsis expa1 exhibit guard cell specific expression and trigger the stomatal movements. the objectives of this study were to transfer the atexpa1 gene into tobacco plants and evaluate their phonotypic effects on transforme...

The article is devoted to the cleaning of tobacco leaves by leaf-by-leaf method, using a roller-type separating device acting on object with drum knife having cutting edges, forming leaf-separating cells in working area. subject these studies highly specialized and relates field agricultural engineering. Tobacco plants were selected as processing. purpose research was theoretical substantiation...

Background and Aims: Virus-Induced Gene Silencing (VIGS) is a virus vector technology that exploits antiviral defense mechanism. By infecting plants with recombinant viruses containing host genes inserted in the viral genome, VIGS achieves the RNA silencing process. The purpose of this study was to investigate the possibility of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) and tobacco (Nicotiana be...

The effect of heavy, habitual marijuana use compared with tobacco smoking on the composition of bronchoalveolar and peripheral blood lymphocytic phenotypes was examined. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and peripheral blood (PB) samples were taken from 14 nonsmokers (NS), 14 tobacco smokers (TS), 19 heavy, habitual marijuana smokers (MS), and 9 marijuana and tobacco smokers (MTS). In BAL fluid, mar...

Background and aims: India has a high burden of tobacco usage and its related morbidity and mortality. Almost 30% of the above 15 years of age of the Indian population use some forms of tobacco. Men usually use smoked tobacco, while women more likely use smokeless (chewed) tobacco. Tobacco usage has been identified as a risk factor for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) among slum dwellers in urb...