Knee Osteoarthritis (OA) is considered as one of the leading cause disability around world1. Total knee Arthroplasty known to be best treatment option available for reduction in pain and symptoms case failure conservative management2. Recently enhanced recovery pathways have been followed after replacement surgery which includes a combination early mobility, education patient care giver, nutrit...

Students generally approach topics in physiology as a series of unrelated phenomena that share few underlying principles. In many students' view, the Fick equation for cardiac output is fundamentally different from a renal clearance equation. If, however, students recognize that these apparently different situations can be viewed as examples of the same general conceptual model (e.g., conservat...