Overexpression of the beta-tubulin binding protein Rbl2p/cofactor A is lethal in yeast cells expressing a mutant alpha-tubulin, tub1-724, that produces unstable heterodimer. Here we use RBL2 overexpression to identify mutations in other genes that affect formation or stability of heterodimer. This approach identifies four genes-CIN1, CIN2, CIN4, and PAC2-as affecting heterodimer formation in vi...

OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate serum interleukin (IL) 12 concentration in patients with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA), according to disease subtype, activity, and duration. IL12 has been demonstrated to prime the selective expansion of T helper (Th) cells with a Th1-type pattern of cytokine production. METHODS Sixty eight serum samples from 50 JCA patients (12 systemic, 1...

Many transcription factors (TFs) have the ability to cooperate on DNA elements as heterodimers. Despite the significance of TF heterodimerization for gene regulation, a quantitative understanding of cooperativity between various TF dimer partners and its impact on heterodimer DNA binding specificity models is still lacking. Here, we used a novel integrative approach, combining microfluidics-ste...

Formation of the integrin alphabeta heterodimer is essential for cell surface expression and function. At the core of the alphabeta interface is a conserved Arg/Lys "finger" from the beta-subunit that inserts into a cup-like "cage" formed of two layers of aromatic residues in the alpha-subunit. We evaluated the role of this residue in heterodimer formation in an alphaA-lacking and an alphaA-con...

Fos and Jun, the protein products of the nuclear proto-oncogenes c-fos and c-jun, associate preferentially to form a heterodimer that binds to DNA and modulates transcription of a wide variety of genes in response to mitogenic stimuli. Both Fos and Jun contain a single leucine zipper region. Previous studies have shown that the leucine zippers of Fos and Jun are necessary and sufficient to medi...

Significance The 2?-O methyl group in Cap-1 is essential to protect viral RNA from host interferon-induced response. We determined crystal structures of SARS-CoV-2 Nsp10/16 heterodimer complex with substrates (Cap-0 analog and S-adenosyl methionine) products (Cap-1 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine) at room temperature using synchrotron serial crystallography. Analysis these will aid structure-based dr...

Abstract Background The outbreak and pandemic of coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 caused significant threaten to global public health economic consequences. It is extremely urgent that people must take actions develop safe effective preventions therapeutics. Nanobodies, which are derived from single?chain camelid antibodies, had shown antiviral properties in various challenge viruses. In this study, mult...