Toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular protozoan parasite that causes a Th1 cellular immunity. Our previous study showed that T. gondii lysate antigen (TLA) treatment in S180 tumor-bearing mice resulted in tumor reduction by suppressing CD31 expression, a marker of angiogenesis. In the present study, to investigate tumor suppressive effect of TLA under the absence of T lymphocytes, athymic nude ...

A case of ossification of transverse ligament of atlas (TLA) is reported. A 76-year-old female suffered from a transverse type myelopathy was successfully treated by posterior decompression. Dynamic lateral plain radiographs showed irreducible atlantoaxial subluxation (AAS). A computed tomogram revealed ossified mass compatible to ossification of TLA. Coalition of the atlantooccipital joints an...

Since 2011, engineers at Amazon have been using TLA+ to help solve difficult design problems in critical systems. This paper describes the reasons why we chose TLA+ instead of other methods, and areas in which we would welcome further progress.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of a low-cost method, the thin layer agar (TLA) method, for the diagnosis of smear-negative patients. This prospective study was performed in Homa Bay District Hospital in Kenya. Out of 1,584 smear-negative sputum samples, 212 (13.5%) were positive by culture in Löwenstein-Jensen medium (LJ) and 220 (14%) were positive by the TLA metho...

TLA is a specification language based on standard set theory and temporal logic that has constructs for hierarchical proofs. We describe how to write TLA proofs and check them with TLAPS, the TLA Proof System. We use Peterson’s mutual exclusion algorithm as a simple example to describe the features of TLAPS and show how it and the Toolbox (an IDE for TLA) help users to manage large, complex pro...

Results Period I Twenty-nine patients were recorded. Mean operative time was 185.6 ± 37.2 min and 125.7 ± 37.7 min in the RLA and TLA subgroup (P < 0.005). Two procedures were converted in the TLA (splenic lesion and haemorrhage). The time of first oral intake was 1.25 ± 0.4 days after the RLA, and 2.76 ± 1.5 days after the TLA (P < 0.005). The mean hospital stay in the RLA subgroup was 3.8 ± 1...

SETTINGS Tuberculosis (TB) diagnostic laboratories in Latin America. OBJECTIVES Evaluation of thin-layer agar (TLA) compared to Löwenstein-Jensen (LJ) culture for the diagnosis of TB. DESIGN Phase II prospective study in six laboratories. Samples included sputum and extra-pulmonary specimens from patients with a clinical diagnosis of TB. Respiratory samples were decontaminated using NaOH/ N...

BACKGROUND Many surgeons consider liposuction using tumescent local anesthesia (TLA) to be a safe technique, but when TLA has been combined with other techniques, such as general anesthesia or intravenous medication, or when the guidelines associated with TLA have been violated, serious complications and deaths have occurred. This has resulted in uncertainty concerning the safety of liposuction...

TLA is a formal specification language that is based on ZF set theory and the Temporal Logic of Actions TLA. The TLA proof system tlaps assists users in deductively verifying safety properties of TLA specifications. tlaps is built around a proof manager, which interprets the TLA proof language, generates corresponding proof obligations, and passes them to backend verifiers. In this paper we pre...

We describe an extension to the TLA specification language with constructs for writing proofs and a proof environment, called the Proof Manager (PM), to checks those proofs. The language and the PM support the incremental development and checking of hierarchically structured proofs. The PM translates a proof into a set of independent proof obligations and calls upon a collection of back-end pro...