Classical nucleation theory is unable to explain the ubiquity of nucleation events observed in the atmosphere. This shows a need for an empirical determination of the nucleation rate. Here we present a novel inverse modeling procedure to determine particle nucleation and growth rates based on consecutive measurements of the aerosol size distribution. The particle growth rate is determined by re...

We report on the nonlinear turbulent processes associated with electromagnetic waves in plasmas. We focus on low-frequency (in comparison with the electron gyrofrequency) nonlinearly interacting electron whistlers and nonlinearly interacting Hall-magnetohydrodynamic (H-MHD) fluctuations in a magnetized plasma. Nonlinear whistler mode turbulence study in a magnetized plasma involves incompressib...

Recent GNSS-related agreements have selected the chip rates for Galileo signals to be 1.023 MHz for Open Services (OS) and 2.5575 MHz for Publicly Regulated Services (PRS), respectively. For future developments of the satellite navigation systems, it might be however of importance to understand better the impact of the chip rate on the system properties. The purpose of this paper is to analyze ...

Concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) emit a large number of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to the atmosphere. In this study, we conducted mobile laboratory measurements of VOCs, methane (CH4) and ammonia (NH3) downwind of dairy cattle, beef cattle, sheep and chicken CAFO facilities in northeastern Colorado using a hydronium ion time-of-flight chemical-ionization mass spectrometer (...

The 30-min rainfall erosivity index (EI30) is commonly used in the Universal Soil Loss Equation for predicting soil loss from agricultural hillslopes. EI30 is calculated from the total kinetic energy and the maximum 30-min rainfall intensity of a storm. Normally, EI30 values are calculated from breakpoint rainfall information taken from continuous recording rain gauge charts, however, in many p...

Scanning microscopes normally use trajectories which produce full-frame images of an object at a low frame rate. Time-resolved measurements are possible if scans along a single line are repeated at a high rate. In conjunction with fluorescence labeling techniques, in vivo recording of blood flow in single capillaries is possible. The present work investigates scanning with double-circle traject...

A high-efficiency, extreme ultraviolet (EUV) imaging spectrometer has been constructed and tested. The spectrometer employs a concave toroidal grating illuminated at normal incidence in a Rowland circle mounting and has only one reflecting surface. The toroidal grating has been fabricated by a new technique employing an elastically-deformable sub-master grating which is replicated in a spherica...

Plasmonic noble metal nanocrystals (NCs) have received a large amount of research interest due to their ability to harvest light and direct it into a small region of space. However, the intrinsic high free carrier concentration of noble metal NCs makes it challenging to achieve plasmonic structures with strong absorption profiles in the near-infrared spectral range, which is relevant for teleco...