The primary constituent of urinary protein in diabetic nephropathy is albumin. Consequently, quantification of urinary albumin excretion is central to any description of diabetic renal disease. Albumin excretion can be determined from timed urine collections, and 24hour, overnight, or even shorter collection periods are used. Measurement of the urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio in untimed uri...

We consider the problems of efficiently diagnosing (and predicting) what did will) happen after a given sequence observations execution partially observable one-clock timed automaton. This is made difficult by facts that automata are infinite-state systems, and they can in general not be determinized. introduce markings as formalism to keep track evolution set reachable configurations over time...

We examine to what extent implementation of timed automata can be achieved using the standard semantics and appropriate modeling, instead of introducing new semantics. We propose an implementation methodology which allows to transform a timed automaton into a program and to check whether the execution of this program on a given platform satisfies a desired property. This is done by modeling the...

We consider previous models of Timed, Probabilistic and Stochastic Timed Automata, we introduce our model of Timed Automata with Polynomial Delay and we characterize the expressiveness of these models relative to each other. Timed and probabilistic automata may be used for modelling systems that exhibit timed and probabilistic behaviour as diverse as safety-critical navigation, web security, al...

Bisimulations are a broadly used formalism to deene the semantics of process algebras. In particular, by means of weak bisimulation most of the internal activity of processes may be abstracted. Unfortunately, this is not fully accomplished: for instance, the internal choice operator becomes non-associative since bisimulation can see the branching structure of processes. In this paper we propose...

A collection of software tools for analysis of timed Petri nets, known as TPN–tools, developed over a number of years, has been extended by a simulation tool, TPNsim. The paper gives a brief characterization of TPNsim, and discusses some implementation aspects in greater detail.

OBJECTIVE To examine the usefulness of "spot" urine iodine concentrations (UICs) in predicting 24-hour urine iodine excretion (UIE) for estimating average population iodine intake. METHODS An electronic literature search was conducted for articles published through 19 May 2013 in MEDLINE (from 1950), EMBASE (from 1980), and the Cochrane Library (from 1993) using the terms "urinary excretion (...

Artificial insemination (AI) is an efficient and cost-effective strategy to improve the genetics and reproductive performance of a herd. Reputable commercial AI stud and custom semen collection businesses, through stringent collection, processing and quality control, provide a highly fertile product to their customers. When semen is purchased and transferred to the producer’s liquid nitrogen re...