In this paper a parametric study was undertaken to quantify the sensitivity Abstract to a wide range of coastal detention pond systems dealing with tidal influence to store surface flood water so as to produce general guidance on the importance of the catchment and pond variables. In this process a specified pond design return period was selected for which the system was to be designed. The pon...

RATIONALE Reducing tidal volume decreases mortality in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). However, the effect of the timing of low tidal volume ventilation is not well understood. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the association of intensive care unit (ICU) mortality with initial tidal volume and with tidal volume change over time. METHODS Multivariable, time-varying Cox regression analysis ...

INTRODUCTION The objective of this laboratory study was to measure the effect of decreased lung compliance and endotracheal tube (ETT) leakage on measured exhaled tidal volume at the airway and at the ventilator, in a research study with a test lung. METHODS The subjects were infant, adult and pediatric test lungs. In the test lung model, lung compliances were set to normal and to levels seen...

BACKGROUND Ventilation using low tidal volumes with permission of hypercapnia is recommended to protect the lung in acute respiratory distress syndrome. However, the most lung protective tidal volume in association with hypercapnia is unknown. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of different tidal volumes with associated hypercapnia on lung injury and gas exchange in a model for acu...

Independent of airway pressure, pulmonary resistance is known to fall with increasing tidal volumes, traditionally thought to result from radial traction on the airways. R. C. Anafi and T. A. Wilson (J Appl Physiol 91: 1185-1192, 2001) recently presented a model of a single terminal airway that explains the tidal volume-associated fall in resistance with an additional mechanism pertinent to nar...

RATIONALE In a clinical trial by the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network (ARDSNet), mechanical ventilation with tidal volumes of 6 ml/kg decreased mortality from acute lung injury. However, interpretations of these results generated controversy and it was unclear if this trial would change usual-care practices. OBJECTIVES First, to determine if clinical practices at ARDSNet hospitals ...

BACKGROUND Compared to conventional tidal volume ventilation, low tidal-volume ventilation reduces mortality in cased of acute respiratory distress syndrome. The aim of the present study is to determine whether low tidal-volume ventilation reduces the production of inflammatory mediators in the lungs and improves physiological status during hepatic surgery. METHODS We randomly assigned patien...