The present studies examined the mechanisms responsible for the regulation of apolipoprotein (apo) E gene expression during human monocytic differentiation. Levels of apoE mRNA were low in undifferentiated THP1 cells, a human monocytic cell line. Addition of 12-O-tetradecanylphorbol-13-acetate (PMA) induced differentiation of these cells to a macrophage-like phenotype and was associated with in...

The biochemical pathways involved in CD40 signaling have been extensively studied in B cells and B cell lines, and appear to be primarily initiated by recruitment of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-associated factor (TRAF) signaling proteins to the CD40 cytoplasmic domain. Signaling pathways activated through CD40 in monocytes/macrophages have not been characterized as well as in B cel...

Initial exposure of monocytes/macrophages to LPS induces hyporesponsiveness to a second challenge with LPS, a phenomenon termed LPS tolerance. Molecular mechanisms responsible for endotoxin tolerance are not well defined. We and others have shown that IL-1R-associated kinase (IRAK)-M and SHIP-1 proteins, negative regulators of TLR4 signaling, increase in tolerized cells. TGF-beta1, an anti-infl...

Introduction PFAPA is a pediatric auto-inflammatory syndrome of unknown etiology, characterized by recurrent fever, aphthosis, pharyngitis and cervical adenitis. Dysregulated monocyte interleukin-1 beta (IL-1b) secretion is thought to play an important role in fever flares. Recently, it was published that Thp1 cells (a monocytic cell line) transduced with the Q705K variant of NLRP3 increased IL...

This article supports experimental evidence on the time-dependent effect on gene expression related to inflammation and cholesterol deposition in lipid-loaded cells. The cells employed were human monocytes THP1 line transformed into macrophages by treatment with phorbol esters. Macrophages were treated at different times with oxidized low density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL) and then gene expression wa...

background: prostate cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer deaths among men. new gene expressed in prostate (ngep), is a prostate-specific gene expressed only in normal prostate and prostate cancer tissue. because of its selective expression in prostate cancer cell surface, ngep is a potential immunotherapeutic target. to target the ngep in prostate cancer, it is essential to investigat...

Shiga toxins (Stxs) are bacterial virulence factors produced by Shigella dysenteriae serotype 1 and Escherichia coli strains. Stxs are critical factors for the development of diseases such as severe bloody diarrhea and hemolytic uremic syndrome. Additionally, Stxs trigger the secretion of pro- inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, particularly in monocytes or macrophages. The inflammatory cyto...

BACKGROUND Besides its anti-inflammatory effects, cinnamaldehyde has been reported to have anti-carcinogenic activity. Here, we investigated its impact on immune cells. METHODS Activation of nuclear factor-κB by cinnamaldehyde (0-10 µg/ml) alone or in combination with lipopolysaccharide was assessed in THP1XBlue human monocytic cell line and in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs)...