In the continuous gas lift operation, compressed gas is injected into the lower section of tubing through annulus. The produced liquid flow rate is a function of gas injection rate and injection depth. All the equations to determine depth of injection assumes constant density for gas based on an average temperature of surface and bottomhole that decreases the accuracy of gas lift design. Also g...

A thermodynamic model of a thermoelectric generator-driven thermoelectric heat pump (TEG-TEH) combined device is established considering the Thomson effect and the temperature dependence of the thermoelectric properties based on non-equilibrium thermodynamics. Energy analysis and exergy analysis are performed. New expressions for heating load, maximum working temperature difference, coefficient...

The Thomson scattering in an ultraintense ( approximately 10(18) W cm(-2)) and ultrashort (20 fs) laser field is calculated that demonstrates different characteristics from those of the low-intensity field case. The electron trajectory no longer conforms to a figure-eight pattern, and the spectra demonstrate complex shifting and broadening to suggest that Thomson scattering can be used for char...

Traditional thermoelectric cooling relies on the Peltier effect which produces a temperature drop limited by the figure of merit, zT. This cooling limit is not required from classical thermodynamics but can be traced to problems of thermoelectric compatibility. Alternatively, if a thermoelectric cooler can be designed to achieve full thermoelectric compatibility, lower temperature can be achiev...

joule-thomson cooling systems are used in refrigeration processes such as cryogenic gas liquefaction. although extensive studies have been carried out by researchers, most of them include cryogenic heat exchangers and their associated fields. in the current study, an attempt was made to indicate the effect of using inappropriate operational conditions in a cryogenic joule-thomson cooling system...