Two experiments were conducted to determine the relative impact of direct and indirect (ad hominem) attacks on science claims. Four hundred and thirty-nine college students (Experiment 1) and 199 adults (Experiment 2) read a series of science claims and indicated their attitudes towards those claims. Each claim was paired with one of the following: A) a direct attack upon the empirical basis of...

The treatment of animals and the Holocaust have been compared many times before, but never has a thoroughly detailed comparison been offered. A thirty-nine-point comparison can be constructed, whether or not one believes that animals are oppressed. The question of whether or not the comparison ought to be expressed merely brings into question whether animal liberationists have liberal-democrati...

Dobbing, J., and Sands, J. (1973). Archives of Disease in Childhood, 48, 757. Quantitative growth and development of human brain. One hundred and thirty-nine complete human brains ranging in age from 10 weeks' gestation to 7 postnatal years, together with 9 adult brains, have been analysed in order to describe the human brain growth spurt quantitatively. The three major regions were examined fo...

In 1954, thirty-nine percent of private sector laborers were unionized; by 1999 that number dropped to ten percent.1 Labor unions provide vital services for workers and the decline of unions has also meant that workers go without those services. At one time, union representatives and organizers were hired by the labor unions to recruit workers to organize.2 In the postwar era the unions stopped...