This review summarizes the history and most recent advances in aptamers and ribozymes that bind and use redox(reduction–oxidation) cofactors. Redox reactions, catalyzed by protein enzymes in an extant world, play a central role in the metabolism of numerous biological molecules in the living organisms. The burden of catalyzing these reactions in a preprotein-based world (i.e., the hypothesized ...

A simple stochastic up-scaling strategy is presented for incorporating the effects of micro-scale variations of thermal conductivity in the thermal analysis of macro-scale systems. Incomplete characterization of the fine-scale variation necessitates posing the thermal conductivity as a stochastic multiscale random field. A data-driven approach coupled with a non-linear dimension reduction algor...

We report on initial measurements of the low-temperature thermal properties of a device that is similar to the experimental apparatus used for absolute cryogenic radiometry (ACR) within the Low Background InfraRed (LBIR) facility at NIST. The device consists of a receiver cavity mechanically and thermally connected to a temperature-controlled stage through a thin-walled polyimide tube which ser...

We report a dramatic and irreversible reduction in the lattice thermal conductivity of bulk crystalline silicon when subjected to intense plastic strain under a pressure of 24 GPa using high-pressure torsion (HPT). Thermal conductivity of the HPT-processed samples were measured using picosecond time domain thermoreflectance. Thermal conductivity measurements show that the HPT-processed samples ...

A high power dissipation density in today’s miniature electronic/mechanical systems makes on-chip thermal management very important. In order to achieve quick to evaluate, yet accurate electro-thermal models, needed for the thermal management of microsystems, a model order reduction is necessary. In this paper, we present an automatic, Krylov-subspace-based order reduction of a electro-thermal ...

application of feed pellets in animal and aquatic farming industries has grown because of both the physical and the nutritional benefits it provides. development of feed pellets manufacturing industry is also considerable. steam conditioning process, which plays an important role in pelleting production, includes heating feed particles, adding moisture, and mixing the mash. pellets cooling and ...

Ming Hu,1,* Xiaoliang Zhang,1,2 Konstantinos P. Giapis,3,† and Dimos Poulikakos1,‡ 1Laboratory of Thermodynamics in Emerging Technologies, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland 2Center for Heat and Mass Transfer, Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China 3Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineer...