Cherry spruce rust causes huge yield losses in Norway seed production Fennoscandia. The causal agent, Thekopsora areolata, has three types of spores that disperse during spring: basidiospores are produced on basidia grow out from teliospores overwintered bird cherry leaf litter to infect new pistillate cones, aeciospores released old diseased cones leaves, and urediniospores leaves for reinfect...

In recent years increasing attention has been given to the potential health effects of fungal exposure in indoor environments. We used large-scale sequencing of the fungal internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) of nuclear ribosomal DNA to describe the mycoflora of two office buildings over the four seasons. DNA sequencing was complemented by cultivation, ergosterol determination, and quantita...

Cherry-spruce rust caused by (Fr.) Magnus is a serious cone pathogen of Norway spruce [ (L.) Karst.]. The causes great economical losses in seed orchards specialized the production high quality seeds. Germination range aeciospores from populations (spore sources) seven Finnish was tested on water agar and malt at nine temperatures varying between 6–30 °C. temperature spore germination ...

Thekopsora areolata infects pistillate cones of Picea spp. with monokaryotic basidiospores in the spring. Receptive hyphae are fertilized by spermatia summer, and dikaryotic aecia produced late summer. Infected produce no fertile seeds, hence disease causes large reductions seed production. To understand seasonal variation T. genotypic diversity, 548 from 55 infected were sampled multiple orcha...