with its favorable geographical location, qazvin has long been a center of civilization in the iranian plateau. due to its strategic importance and being situated on the way to routes going to west and east, qazvin has always enjoyed military and political significance in both the pre-islamic and the islamic period. after the muslim arabs’ conquest of persia, qazvin became one of the borders of...

baha’ al-dawlah razi was one of the most important physicians in safafid dynasty in iran. he wrote his large medical book, kholasat al-tajarob at 1501 ad. he worked as physician in the courts of two dynasties, teimurid and safavid. he had interesting innovations and findings in surgery, immunology and also in treatment. as examples, we can note to his description of pertussis and also his oral ...

the development of the persian poetry in the indian subcontinent is investigated in this paper. it is emphasized that the persian literature and language was developing in india along with the persian literature and language in iran. any transition of any nature occurring in iran left its impact on even remote lands, making the ground for khorasani, azarbayejani and araghi styles flourish in in...

according to the historians, the safavid dynasty was the pioneer of the shī‘ī ideology against the official rule of the ottoman empire in eastern countries. the safavid empire in iran came into being by the mutual assistance of the qizilbāsh troops rising form the geopolitics of asia minor. what is of importance, however, is the attitude and beliefs of these supporting troops of the safavid ord...

this study is a description about the development of ceremonies and rituals and also the formation of religious system and the type of its opposition with the political system, after the official declaration of asna ashari (twelve imams) shiism in the safavid dynasty. the author believes that at least four development periods can be considered in iranian rituals in the safavid era. the first pe...

guilan province is located in north of iran. it plays an important natural, economic and strategic role in iranian history due to its geographical location between the caspian sea and the alborz mountain. this particular characteristic of guilan has made it one of the most important political centers in its history and in the history of its struggles against the central government of iran. iran...

nasuh, known as matrakci was a miniature painter who accompanied king suleiman kanuni during hiscampaign to iran in 940-42 ah/1533-36 ad and he has drawn many miniature from lots of iranian cities including khoy, tabriz, zanjan, soltaniyeh, hamedan, and ghasre shirin to baghdad and shahre zur, baneh, bukan, maraghe. being capital during one part of the safavid dynasty and in the other part as t...