The material in this report originated in the National Center for Infectious Diseases, Rima F. Khabbaz, MD, Director; Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Denise M. Cardo, MD, Director; Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, Steve Monroe, PhD, Acting Director; and National Immunization Program, Anne Schuchat, MD, Director; Epidemiology and Surveillance Division, Alison Mawle, PhD, Act...

Cholera, caused by infection with toxigenic Vibrio cholerae bacteria of serogroup O1 (>99% of global cases) or O139, is characterized by watery diarrhea that can be severe and rapidly fatal without prompt rehydration. Cholera is endemic in approximately 60 countries and causes epidemics as well. Globally, cholera results in an estimated 2.9 million cases of disease and 95,000 deaths annually (1...

Increases in the number and cost of vaccines routinely recommended for children and adolescents have raised concerns about the ability of the current systems for vaccine financing and delivery to ensure that all children and adolescents have access to all routinely recommended vaccinations without financial barriers. The National Vaccine Advisory Committee (NVAC) was chartered in 1988 to advise...

Disclaimer: This research paper does not necessarily reflect the policy position of the Commonwealth Government. Adam Graycar Director Bullying in schools has become an issue of major importance among educators. However, interventions to reduce bullying have enjoyed only modest and limited success. This paper examines five different explanations for bullying. These emphasise, respectively: 1. d...

The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) provides advice and guidance regarding effective control of vaccine-preventable diseases, including guidance for special populations that might warrant modification of routine recommendations. One such special population is pregnant and breastfeeding women. Formulation of recommendations for vaccination of pregnant and breastfeeding women ...

We estimated the effectiveness of postexposure smallpox vaccination in preventing or modifying disease in naive and previously vaccinated adults, using the formal Delphi technique. For persons not previously vaccinated, the median effectiveness in preventing disease with vaccination at 0-6 h, 6-24 h, and 1-3 days after exposure was estimated as 93%, 90%, and 80%, respectively, and effectiveness...

[W]e didn’t use the words service-learning or experiential learning for several years, consciously, because at Stanford, words count. They can get you in trouble. We did not want our efforts to connect students’ service with academics to appear to faculty as some sort of “touchy-feely” exercise, which is what those words would connote in their minds. Timothy K. Stanton, Director Haas Center for...

This report summarizes recommendations approved on February 21, 2013, by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) for the use of influenza vaccines. An expanded 2013 ACIP influenza vaccination recommendation statement is scheduled to be published in MMWR Recommendations and Reports before the start of the 2013-14 influenza season. Providers should consult the expanded 2013 ACIP i...

On July 14, CDC reported a substantial delay in the availability of a proportion of influenza vaccine for the 2000-01 season and the possibility of a vaccine shortage. Since then, resolution of manufacturing problems and improved yields of the influenza A (H3N2) vaccine component have averted a shortage. Although safe and effective influenza vaccine will be available in similar quantities as la...