Introduction: Apatite has been extensively studied on Earth because of its geological, geobiological, and materials importance [1], and it is one of the most common mineralogical reservoirs for phosphorus on Earth. Apatite is also present in each of the three types of SNC meteorites, implying the same may also be true for Mars. In addition to phosphorus, apatite commonly contains some combinati...

BACKGROUND Loosening of screws is a common problem in orthopedic and maxillofacial surgery. Modifying the implant surface to improve the mechanical strength of screws has been tried and reported. We developed screws coated with fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2)-apatite composite layers. We then showed, in a percutaneous external fixation model, that this composite layer had the ability to hold...

The bioactivity of a series of fluoride-containing sodium-free calcium and strontium phosphosilicate glasses has been tested in vitro. Glasses with high fluoride content were partially crystallised to apatite and other fluoride-containing phases. The bioactivity study was carried out in Tris and SBF buffers, and apatite formation was monitored by XRD, FTIR and solid state NMR. Ion release in so...

In this study, the apatite-forming ability of the new resin-modified glass-ionomer cement was evaluated by soaking the cement in the simulated body fluid. The Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrometer and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) patterns of the soaked cement pointed to the creation of poorly crystalline carbonated apatite. It was found that the releasing of calcium ions from the soaked cem...

The hydrothermal-electrochemical method is best suited for producing homogeneous apatite coatings on electro-conductive materials with complicated shape, such as the mesh. This study was undertaken to examine the effect of the apatite coating prepared by this coating method on cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells in culture. The cells attached and spread well on t...

Materials with apatite crystal structure have a great potential for incorporating the long-lived radioactive iodine isotope (129I) in the form of iodide (I) from nuclear waste streams. Because of its durability and potentially high iodine content, the apatite waste form can reduce iodine release rate and minimize the waste volume. Crystal structure and composition of apatite (A5(XO4)3Z) was inv...

Chemically synthesized collagen with a triple helix structure similar to that of natural collagen is attractive as a safe biomaterial. Hybrids of chemically synthesized collagen and apatite are proposed for novel bone substitutes. However their apatite-forming ability in simulated body fluid is still quite low. We examined acceleration of apatite formation on collagen by immobilized poly-γ-glut...

Synthetic biopolymers are commonly used for the repair and regeneration of damaged tissues. Specifically targeting bone, the composite approach of utilizing inorganic components is considered promising in terms of improving mechanical and biological properties. We developed gelatin-apatite co-precipitates which mimic the native bone matrix composition within poly(lactide-co-caprolactone) (PLCL)...

Apatite-polymer composites mimicking specific structure of natural bone are promised as bone substitutes with moderate flexibility able to be fabricated into desired shapes as well as bone-bonding bioactivity. In order to precipitate the apatite on polymer surfaces, aqueous processing using solution supersaturated to the apatite has been attracting as much attention. Polyglutamic acid (PGA) is ...