Background: Normal pregnancy is thought to be dependent on Th2 deviation, while Recurrent Pregnancy Loss (RPL) and Pre-eclampsia (PE) appear to be biased toward the Th1 immune response. It is believed that the soluble form of CD30 (sCD30) is an index of Th2 immune response or modulator of Th1/Th2 responses. Objective: The aim of this study was determination of the sCD30 level in RPL and PE pati...

it is well accepted that in experimental model of leishmania major infection, balb/c mice mount a th2 response and produce igg1 predominantly whereas c57bl/6mice enhance th1 response with the biased production of igg2a antibodies. therefore, screening for parasite antigens on the basis of reactivity with sera from infected susceptible or resistant mice might be used for the identification of th...

Helminth parasites are known to elicit the immune response towards T helper 2 (Th2)type, characterized by Th2 related cytokines, that typically include interleukin-4 (IL4), IL-5 and IL-13. In this review we will describe the mechanisms involved in helminth induced Th2 immune response. Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) produce thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), which is both necessary and suf...

Using STAT6(-/-) BALB/c mice, we have analyzed the role of STAT6-induced Th2 response in determining the outcome of experimental toxocariasis caused by embryonated eggs of the helminth parasite Toxocara canis. Following T. canis infection wild-type BALB/c mice developed a strong Th2-like response, produced high levels of IgG1, IgE, and IL-4, recruited alternatively activated macrophages, and di...

normal 0 false false false en-us x-none ar-sa microsoftinternetexplorer4 normal 0 false false false en-us x-none ar-sa microsoftinternetexplorer4 aim : in this study we co-administered melittin along with hbsag/alum vaccine to investigate if it helps elicitation of th1/th2 response. background : hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection is a life-threatening liver infection, which can lead to chronic l...

BACKGROUND Invariant natural killer T cells (iNKT cells) are a unique subset of T lymphocytes and are considered to play an important role in the development of allergic bronchial asthma. Recently, iNKT cells were shown to play an immunoregulatory role in CD4+ and CD8+ T cell-mediated adaptive immune response. Allergen-specific Th2 inflammatory responses are an important part of the adaptive im...

PGI(2) plays a key role in limiting Th2-mediated airway inflammation. In studies to investigate the mechanism underlying such regulation, we found that the PGI(2) receptor, IP, is preferentially expressed by effector CD4(+) Th2 cells, when compared with Th1 cells. Adoptive transfer of DO11.10 Th2 cells pretreated with PGI(2) resulted in considerably attenuated pulmonary inflammation and airway ...

Nearly one quarter of the world's population is infected with helminth parasites. A common feature of helminth infections is the manifestation of a type 2 immune response, characterized by T helper 2 (Th2) cells that mediate anti-helminth immunity. In addition, recent literature describes a close association between type 2 immune responses and wound repair, suggesting that a Th2 response may co...

Although Bach2 has an important role in regulating the Th2-type immune response, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. We herein demonstrate that Bach2 associates with Batf and binds to the regulatory regions of the Th2 cytokine gene loci. The Bach2-Batf complex antagonizes the recruitment of the Batf-Irf4 complex to AP-1 motifs and suppresses Th2 cytokine production. Furthermore,...

the immune response to hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) is influenced by several factors, of which hla antigens and balanced secretion of th1/th2 cytokines play important roles. the aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of hla antigens on cytokine secretion by hbsag-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) from healthy neonates vaccinated with recombinant hbsag. pbmcs w...