A selective, sensitive, rapid and simple-handling analytical method for the determination of cyanide at low detection limits in surface and underground water, soil and industrial waste samples was developed. The method is based on a reaction, proposed by Guilbault and Kramer, where free cyanide reacts with p-nitrobenzaldehyde to form an intermediate cyanohydrin, which reacts with o-dinitrobenze...

We introduce a Web-based CALL architecture that facilitates the construction of learner-customized multiple choice tests in a cross-lingual tandem language learning environment. Mistakes made by the learner are manually corrected and classified by his tandem partner, who acts as a tutor. If the learner has problems to identify and correct his mistakes, or if he likes to practice, he can generat...

Semi supervised methods involve converting unlabelled data into high quality labelled data that can be used to improve the performance of conventional supervised methods that had previously been given a small training set. Unlabelled data has also been shown to be helpful in a supervised setting called ‘bridging’ where unlabelled data have been used to help relate labelled instances to those th...

Semi-supervised classification methods have received much attention as suitable tools to tackle training sets with large amounts of unlabeled data and a small quantity of labeled data. Several semi-supervised learning models have been proposed with different assumptions about the characteristics of the input data. Among them, the self-training process has emerged as a simple and effective techn...

In many real-world classification problems, the class balance often changes between training and test datasets, due to sample selection bias or the non-stationarity of the environment. Naive classifier training under such changes of class balance systematically yields a biased solution. It is known that such a systematic bias can be corrected by weighted training according to the test class bal...