Both electrophoresis and immunodiffusion are utilized, hastening and focusing the diffusion of antigens and antibodies in agarose gel. On the electric field, at a pH between 8.2 and 8.6, negatively-charged antigen which may be present in the patient's specimen migrates toward the anode. Commercially prepared antisera drifts toward the cathode via electroendosmosis. Where antigen and antibody me...

Chymopapain chemonucleolysis has become a viable option in the treatment of lumbar discs failing to respond to conservative therapy. The efficacy has been demonstrated in recent double-blind studies (1,2). Although relatively safe, occasional patients will exhibit an anaphylactic shock-like reaction upon injection of chymopapain. The reported incidence of anaphylaxis ranges from 0.18% to 1.0% (...

the ph.d. entrance examinations of islamic azad university in iran are administered annually to select the best applicants for ph.d. programs. in consideration of the important decisions, which are made on the basis of the results of these examinations, the present study was conducted to provide a qualitative evaluation of field-specific language subtests (flss) of four entrance examinations ad...

The motive behind this study was to evaluate the Iranian State University EFL Entrance Examination Test (UEEET) based on Bachman and Palmer’s (1996) ‘Usefulness Six-faceted Model ‘accommodating Relia- bility, Validity, Impact, Interactiveness, Authenticity, and Practicality. To do so, thirty professors and one-hundred EFL freshmen were selected randomly from five universities. A questionnaire c...