background: finding the right word is a necessity in communication, and its evaluation has always been a challenging clinical issue, suggesting the need for valid and reliable measurements. the homophone meaning generation test (hmgt) can measure the ability to switch between verbal concepts, which is required in word retrieval. the purpose of this study was to adapt and validate the persian ve...

abstract in this context, this article tries to presents a conceptual model of the factors affecting the government size and empirical test through econometric generalized methods of moments (gmm) by using data from 15 developing countries, review relationship between fiscal decentralization and the government size. the results of dynamic panel data indicate a positive effect of income and expe...

EFL students need to learn about reading comprehension because, it is one of the essential abilities in learning English. To measure comprehension, a test needed. Nevertheless, many find difficulties working test. It happens because tests which are given by teachers who do not analyze item difficulty, discrimination, distractor, and reliability. Those analyses needed prove that has met criteria...

A Software-Process-Off-The-Shelf (SPOTS) is a software process which can be bought and used in a software developing organization. Choosing the SPOTS that fulfills the needs of an organization is a difficult task and errors may have serious and expensive consequences. This paper introduces the concept of SPOTS, discusses the problem of their choice and provides the requirements and the general ...

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