A "translation" of the phenomenological permeability coefficients into friction and distribution coefficients amenable to physical interpretation is presented. Expressions are obtained for the solute permeability coefficient omega and the reflection coefficient sigma for both non-electrolytic and electrolytic permeants. An analysis of the coefficients is given for loose membranes as well as for...

Membrane potentials of polysulfonated cation exchange membranes (unsupported polysulfone, SA3S and polyester supported polysulfone, SA3T) for KCl, NaCl and LiCl solutions using Ag/AgCl electrodes were measured. The measurements were carried out for, KCl SA3S or SA3T MCL, (M: K, Na and Li) systems. The concentration of salt (KCl) was kept constant in one side of the cell, C1, at 1.10 M was chang...

OBJECTIVE To study the effect of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) on the rehabilitation of motor function in patients with cerebral infarction. METHODS Two hundred twenty and three patients with the initial attack of cerebral infarction were divided into three groups. (1) One hundred twenty and three patients were randomly further divided into rehabilitation subgroup (n = 63, aged 64.0...

Recently a new method was introduced to operate an immunological field effect transistor (ImmunoFET). By changing the electrolyte concentration of the sample solution stepwise (the so-called ion-step), a transient diffusion of ions through the membrane-protein layer occurs, resulting in a transient membrane potential, which is measured by the ImmunoFET. It became apparent that the maximum of th...

Purpose: Understanding the neural mechanisms of recovery motor control and development spasticity after stroke is paramount importance for neurorehabilitation.Methods: For this purpose, we have analyzed several TMS EEG variables their association with spasticity. Forty-two subjects taken part in investigation. The neurophysiological examination included assessments by transcranial magnetic stim...

In preceding papers *-3 it was shown that electrochemical behavior of collodion membranes (at least in solutions of strong, weakly adsorbable electrolytes) is due to the presence of acidic impurities in the collodion. Highly purified preparations exhibit only low electrochemical activity (as measured by concentration potentials, anomalous osmosis, etc.), and in our opinion, even this low activi...

Phosphenes are elementary light perceptions which can be elicited by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) over the occipital cortex (Meyer et al., 1991; Marg and Rudiak, 1994). Phosphene threshold, which is the minimum magnetic stimulation intensity capable of eliciting phosphenes has been used as a measure of the excitability of the visual cortex (Afra et al., 1998; Aurora et al., 1998). In...

In several recent publications 1-6 we have shown experimentally that the acidic groups present in collodion are the primary cause of its electrochemical activity in solutions of strong inorganic electrolytes. The surface concentration of these acidic dissociable groups is assumed to determine the degree of electrochemical activity of any given collodion sample. The abundance of these groups var...

Abstract This article explores a gradual shift towards metrical and linguistic imprecision in the four major commentaries on Old Norse Eddic poems produced from 1930s to today. trend both affects reflects state of scholarship at large. Many scholars today do not avail themselves criteria dating textual restitution but approach these issues either with agnosticism or by presenting vague argument...