Sequence variations in genes that code for proteins involved in homeostatic processes within tendons may influence tendon mechanical properties. Since variants of the four genes COL5A1, TNC, MMP3 and GDF5 have been implicated in the aetiopathogenesis of tendinopathies, which is ultimately characterised by abnormal structural and regulatory processes, sequence variations in these four genes may ...

Muscular variations of the extensor compartment of the forearm are generally encountered during surgical and dissection procedures. Additional bellies, extra tendons, and abnormal attachment are such reported variations. Knowledge of these kinds of variation are important for hand surgeons to plan the surgical procedure and modify their approach to that case, or the surgeon can take the advanta...

Introduction Palmaris longus (PL) is phylogenetically classified as a retrogressive muscle with a long tendon. The length and location of the PL tendon makes it very useful in reconstructive surgery. Agenesis of PL tendon shows strong racial variations. Past studies show absence of 2.8% to 25% depending on ethnicity. Chinese have a low absence rate of 6.0% whilst Caucasian subjects had a high a...

Standardization on Shear wave ultrasound elastography (SWUE) technical settings will not only ensure that the results are accurate, but also detect any differences over time that may be attributed to true physiological changes. The present study evaluated the variations of elastic modulus of muscle and tendon using SWUE when different technical aspects were altered. The results of this study in...

conclusions the use of an achilles tendon allograft provides excellent results in complex distal triceps tendon ruptures. we report the use of a new technique to anchor a distal achilles allograft. introduction the distal triceps tendon rupture is an uncommon injury. the acute treatment is well-defined, but when a delayed diagnosis is made or when a tendon retraction is present the alternatives...

Background & Aims: The Plantaris muscle is located in the superficial posterior compartment of the leg and is absent in some individuals. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the absence variation of Plantaris muscle and its possible relation with Palmaris longus and fifth superficial flexor digitorum of the hand. Methods: 83 fresh cadavers, referred to legal medicine center, Kerman, Ir...

This study was performed to investigate the variations, dimensions and attachment of the abductor pollicis longus (APL) tendon. Fifty upper limbs of adult cadavers were dissected in the Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Variations of APL tendon and its way of insertion were observed;its length, width and thickness were also measured and statistically analysed...