The tax structure in Niger depends heavily on uranium mining and the rest of the formal sector. The slump in uranium prices has reduced tax revenues to 9% of GNP, which is not enough to finance an adequate level of public services. In this paper, tax reforms are considered which will raise more revenue while respecting criteria of equity, efficiency, and growth. The reforms mostly involve exten...

A fundamental property of a progressive income tax is that it provides implicit collective insurance against idiosyncratic shocks to income by dampening the variability of disposable income and consumption. The Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981 (ERTA) and the Tax Reform Act of 1986 (TRA86) greatly reduced the number of marginal tax brackets and the maximum marginal rate, which limits the abilit...

We examine the effects of coordinated trade-tax reforms and isolated tariff reforms on market access, government revenue and welfare for a small monetary economy, under the assumption that a certain fraction of purchases of each good must be financed with cash held in advance. Moreover, we allow for this fraction of purchases to vary across markets, in the sense that the required amount of mone...

A crucial issue in efficiency-equality evaluations of tax reforms resides in the possibility that the level as well as the distribution of income and welfare may change. This paper presents an empirical analysis of the welfare effects for married couples of replacing the Italian 1993 income tax-transfer system by three alternative hypothetical reforms; a flat tax, a negative tax, and a workfare...

The present paper applies a theoretical two-sector three-factor model to analyze a variety of energy tax reforms with the common feature of at least partly exempting the energy-intensive export sector from the tax. As a result, all scenarios with exemptions reduce energy less than the non-discriminating textbook version of the energy tax. Moreover, in the two scenarios that exemplify typical at...

Current discussions of possible tax reforms are characterized by an increasing relevance of related governments' budgetary implications, thus, in this respect each tax reform proposal is reviewed in detail and an assessment of the consequences is essential from a political point of view. We developed the innovative micro-simulation model ASSERT (Assessing the Effects of Reforms in Taxation), wh...

A neoclassical growth model is augmented by a corporate sector, financial intermediation, and a set of tax rates. In this setting, capital structure is determined by the interplay between a tax advantage of debt finance and costly state verification entailed by asymmetric information. Effects of capital tax reforms are investigated with a special focus on this micro-founded credit channel of ta...

The paper summarizes the arguments in favor of a shift from comprehensive to dual income taxation and complements the discussion by an overview on tax reforms which reveal the characteristic features of a dual income tax system. The scope of our analysis is not restricted to the Nordic countries, we also include other European countries, whose tax reform steps can be regarded as a move toward a...

Osmel Manzano May 2000. Tax Effects upon Oil Field Development in Venezuela. Important reforms have been made to the oil sector tax code in Venezuela. Given its diversity of oil resources, there was a concern that some resources were not being exploited because of the structure of the tax code. This paper uses traditional theoretical models to review these reforms. Then, a panel of 821 Venezuel...