OBJECTIVES We investigated the acute and chronic combined effect of cigarette smoking and caffeine intake on aortic stiffness and wave reflections. BACKGROUND We have shown that smoking and caffeine separately increase arterial stiffness. Aortic stiffness and wave reflections are important determinants of the efficient performance of the cardiovascular system and prognosticators of cardiovasc...

STUDY OBJECTIVE The aim was to assess the interrelationship between alcohol intake, cigarette smoking, body weight, and blood lipid concentrations. DESIGN This was the cross sectional (screening) phase of a prospective study. The main outcome measure was the blood lipids (serum total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides). SETTING General practices in 24 towns (The British Regiona...

BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer in Korea. Because colorectal adenoma is a precursor lesion of colorectal cancer, primary prevention of colorectal adenomas may be important for reducing morbidity and mortality from the disease. The aim of this study is to examine the association of alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking in relation with colorectal adenoma in a cro...

Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is strongly linked to cigarette smoking. It is estimated to account for more than 70% of laryngeal SCCs and up to 89% in combination with alcohol. We wished to determine the prevalence of cigarette smoking and alcohol ingestion among patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma and estimate risk attributed to cigarette smoking and alcohol ingestion. Fi...

METHODS We assessed the association of lifestyle factors with white blood cell (WBC) count in 3681 Japanese male office workers aged 35-59 years. RESULTS The WBC count differed significantly across lifestyle factors (overall obesity, alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking, eating breakfast, nutritional balance, physical exercise and hours of work). From multiple linear regression analyses, ov...

This study was conducted to assess the association between the risks of spina bifida (SB) in relation to cigarette, alcohol, and caffeine consumption by women during the first month of pregnancy. Between 1988-2012, this multi-center case-control study interviewed mothers of 776 SB cases and 8,756 controls about pregnancy events and exposures. We evaluated cigarette smoking, frequency of alcohol...

wnloaded kground: Epidemiologic findings of tobacco and alcohol use in relation to gastric cancer are inconsisell-designed prospective studies examining their relationship are sparse. thods: The association between cigarette smoking/alcohol intake and gastric cancer risk was examined pulation-based prospective cohort of 18,244 middle-aged and older men in Shanghai, China, who were d in the stud...