the purpose of the present study was to evaluate anti-nociceptive effects of morphine, tramadol, meloxicam and their combinations in rats. seventy male wistar rats were divided into seven equal groups and randomly assigned to receive intraperitoneal saline (s) (control group, 1.0 ml kg-1), morphine (mo) (4.0 mg kg-1), tramadol (tr) (12.5 mg kg-1), meloxicam (ml) (1.0 mg kg-1), tramadol- morphin...

Gentle probing against the cervix via the vagina (vaginocervical stimulation, VCS) increases tail flick latency (TFL) to radiant heat; greater force abolishes the tail flick response and other withdrawal responses. This effect occurs in spinal cord-transected rats and in intact rats. On the basis of our earlier finding that VCS releases vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) into the spinal cord, ...

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate anti-nociceptive effects of morphine, tramadol, meloxicam and their combinations in rats. Seventy male Wistar rats were divided into seven equal groups and randomly assigned to receive intraperitoneal saline (S) (control group, 1.0 mL kg-1), morphine (MO) (4.0 mg kg-1), tramadol (TR) (12.5 mg kg-1), meloxicam (ML)...

Unilateral deafferentation induced by transection of the C(4)-C(8) dorsal roots of spinal cord, followed by a complex of abnormal self-mutilating behavior, is interpreted as an animal model of chronic nociception. The objective of our study was to test the differences in tail-flick latency between intact control and unilaterally deafferented animals and to assess the changes in their acute noci...

This is a comparative study of the analgesic effects of the modified traditional method of analgesia, electroacupuncture (EA), a standard analgesic drug, morphine, a potential analgesic drug, clonidine and the combination of EA + morphine and EA + clonidine. In each case, the index of analgesia (IA) was determined by recording the tail flick latency (TFL) in 60 rats divided into 6 groups of 10 ...

The present study was performed to evaluate the analgesic effect of morphine microinjection into the cuneiformis nucleus (CnF) and the effect of inactivation of this area by lidocaine on pain modulation. Rats were anaesthetized by thiopental (45-60 mg/kg/i.p.) and placed in a stereotaxic instrument, and then a guide cannula was implanted just one mm above the CnF. Following surgery and recovery...

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate anti-nociceptive effects of morphine, tramadol, meloxicam and their combinations in rats. Seventy male Wistar rats were divided into seven equal groups and randomly assigned to receive intraperitoneal saline (S) (control group, 1.0 mL kg(-1)), morphine (MO) (4.0 mg kg(-1)), tramadol (TR) (12.5 mg kg(-1)), meloxicam (ML) (1.0 mg kg(-1)), tramadol-...

Objective- To evaluate antinociceptive efficacy of pre- versus post-incisional morphine, tramadol and meloxicam using tail-flick test in an incisional model of pain in rats. Design- Prospective, randomized experimental study. Animals- Eighty, adult, male Wistar rats weighing 250–300 g. Procedures- Animals were randomly divided into eight groups to receive pre- or post-incisional (tail skin i...