background and aims: infectious diseases are disorders caused by organisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi or parasites .the th9 subset develops in response to combined signals from tgf-b and il-4 among a cacophony of other cytokines in the extracellular milieu.t helper 9 (th9) cells,a novel cd4 t cell subset, seem to play a complex role in the outcome of specific immune responses. in this art...

IL-2 is a T cel l -der ived soluble factor with a broad spectrum of growth and d i f fe ren t ia t ion-promot ing activities (1). It provides a signal for cell proliferat ion by binding to high-affinity receptors on responsive cell populations. IL-2 receptors are expressed by activated T cells, and their functional importance has been shown in vivo (2). Administrat ion of IL-2 in vivo specifica...

In in tes t ina l mucosa of fed adult rats, cytochrome P-450 content and ac t i v i t y of benzpyrene hydroxyl ase and p-n i t roaniso le O-demethylase are highest in the upper small in test ine and progressively decrease toward the terminal ileum. Among the mucosal cell populations, mature v i l l ous t i p cel ls contain 6 to I0 times more cytochrome P-450 and drug-metabolizing ac t i v i t y...

Acetobacter xylinum strains are known as very efficient producers of bacterial cellulose which, due to its unique properties, has great application potential. One of the most important problems faced during cellulose synthesis by these bacteria is generation of cellulose non-producing cells, which can appear under submerged culture conditions. The reasons of this remain unknown. These studies h...

sarcoidosis is a systemic granulomatous disorder of unidentified etiology, with a heterogeneous clinical presentation. it is characterized by a reduced delayed-type hypersensitivity to tuberculin and common antigens. the balance between th1, th17 and regulatory t(treg) cells controls t-cell proliferation and activation.the th17/treg ratio in the peripheral blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid...

Two experiments evaluated the effects on animal performance of traditional wet distillers grains (T-WDG) compared to cellulosic wet distillers grains (C-WDG) from a new process converting corn kernel fiber into cellulosic ethanol. The resulting coproduct has greater CP and decreased starch and ether extract (EE) concentrations (34.0% CP, 1.6% starch, 7.3% EE) compared to T-WDG (32.5% CP, 5.1% s...

Cytotox ic T-cel ls were derived from the per i toneal cavity of a C 5 7 B L / 6 mouse immunized with B A L B / c sarcoma Meth A and from the sp leens of B A L B / c x C 5 7 B L / 6 F1 (hereaf ter cal led CB6F1) mice immunized with B A L B / c leukemia R L ~ I . The cel ls were cu l tured in inter leukin 2 and c loned by limiting di lut ion, and their speci f ic i ty was determined by d i rect ...