The spectra of Tribolium castaneum and T. confusum larval digestive peptidases were characterized with respect to the spatial organization of protein digestion in the midgut. The pH of midgut contents in both species increased from 5.6-6.0 in the anterior to 7.0-7.5 in the posterior midgut. However, the pH optimum of the total proteolytic activity of the gut extract from either insect was pH 4....

Threeand 4-week-old Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), the red flour beetle, and Tribolium confusum (du Val), the confused flour beetle, were exposed at five different temperature–relative humidity (r.h.) combinations to a volatile formulation of the insect growth regulator (IGR) hydroprene (called Pointsourcet). Typical effects associated with IGR exposure, such as arrested larval growth, morpholog...

Structural heat treatment, a viable alternative to methyl bromide fumigation, involves raising the ambient temperature of food-processing facilities between 50 and 60 degrees C by using gas, electric, or steam heaters, and holding these elevated temperatures for 24 h or longer to kill stored-product insects. A dynamic model was developed to predict survival of mature larvae, which is the most h...

Bioassays were conducted to assess the contact toxicity of two plant essential oils against adults of Sitophilus granarius (L.) and Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val. Essential oils were extracted from seeds of Carum copticum L. and Cuminum cyminum L. Contact toxicity was assessed by topical application and adult mortality was counted 1, 2, 6 and 24 h after exposure. Bioassays were carried ou...

Background: Flour is one of the most important food sources, therefore it must be kept healthy and clean. As a potential pest control modality, we aimed to examine whether flour irradiation is a feasible tool to eradicate Tribolium confusum adults from infected flour considering probable health effects of infested flour consumption. Materials and Methods: unirradiated and irradiated flour were ...

medicinal plant powders have traditionally been used as grain protectants against stored-product insect pests. in this study, insecticidal activity of carum copticum l. and cuminum cyminum l. powders was assessed on adults of sitophilus granarius l. and tribolium confusum jacquelin du val. experiments were carried out on wheat at 27 ± 1 ºcand 55 ± 5% r. h. the mortality increased with increasin...

Late-instar larvae, pupae, and adults of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), the red flour beetle, or Tribolium confusum (DuVal), the confused flour beetle, were exposed for variable durations at 36–54 1C. Beetles were placed in laboratory ovens set at a baseline of 27 1C, the temperature was increased by 0.1 1C per minute until the target temperature was achieved, and beetles were then held for spec...

Yellow field pea (Pisum sativum L.) fractions that were mainly protein (50%), fibre (90%) or starch (85%) were obtained from a commercial pea mill and mixed with wheat kernels or wheat flour. Based on the mortality and the number of offspring produced, protein-rich pea flour was more toxic than fibre, which was more toxic than starch. For the protein-rich pea flour mixed with wheat kernels, the...

insecticidal efficacy of three diatomaceous earth (de) formulations, debbm, dea and f2 was evaluated on three different wheat cultivars, chamran, verinak and behrang, against tribolium confusum jacqueline du val. des were applied at the rates of 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg. bioassays were carried out on wheat at 27 ± 1 °cand 55 ± 5% rh in continuous darkness. mortality of adults was counted after 2,...

Tribolium castaneum and Tribolium confusum can be monitored in food processing facilities using traps baited with pheromones and kairomones, but beetle response to traps might be enhanced by adding visual cues. Against a white background, T. castaneum adults were more likely to visit black pillars than white pillars when presented with a choice (e.g., 73% of beetles visited black and 17% visiti...