Leather is used to make various daily life goods including footwear, clothing, automobile seats, furniture, etc. from prehistoric time. Various defects can occur either due failure of controlling the factors processing or low grade raw material both. The tanned leathers are, before use, necessarily being passed through different processes re-tanning, filling, coating surface with dyes, and othe...

Synthetic decorative materials such as synthetic leather and printed wood grain are widely used in our everyday life, but we often notice that they are imitations because they lack richness of the appearance. One of the differences between the appearances of natural materials and synthetic ones is the complicated variance of reflection, but imitations have no means for reproducing the optical e...

Full grain leather refers to the strongest and most durable part of cattle hide, consisting layer underlying corium, has not been sanded or buffed remove any imperfections, that means it displays more natural characteristics leather. Leather quality changes with sampling location, depending on variation present in fibrous structure. properties were also affected by tanning finishing processes u...

Modified by the pretreated model with collagen under the crosslinking effect of glutaraldehyde, the moisture absorption of modified samples increased by 26.34% and 42.6%. The test results of SEM, AFM and DSC show that there was coating on the fibers modified with collagen, and the relative average roughness of the modified fabric decreased. Modification with collagen also affected the thermal p...

As a matter of fact, it has been witnessed that the synthetic leather is becoming main substitute to its natural counterpart. This phenomenon observed in vast majority fields where these materials are being exploited such as: vehicles interior and furniture skin materials. All which urges presence fundamental characteristics include but not limited soft texture, flexibility, mechanical strength...

We quantified protection given by a variety of gloves against bat bites by using steel indenters to simulate teeth and measuring forces needed to puncture the gloves. Level of protection given by gloves was compared to expected bite forces and tooth sharpness of bats. Cotton, plastic-coated synthetic fabric, and proprietary materials advertised as punctureand cut-resistant were easy to penetrat...

Leather craft products, such as belt, gloves, shoes, bag, and wallet are mainly originated from cow, crocodile, lizard, goat, sheep, buffalo, and stingray skin. Before the skins are used as leather craft materials, they go through a tanning process. With the rapid development of leather craft industry, an automation system for leather tanning factories is important to achieve large scale produc...