An efficient and convenient protocol for synthesis of 3-hydroxy-3-indolyl-2-oxindoles and 3,3-diindolyl-2-oxindoles is presented here. The syntheses were achieved selectively under catalysis of LiClO4 whereby the products were obtained purely.

Reductive Claisen rearrangement of 1-allyloxy-8-methoxy-9, 10-anthraquinone followed by demethylation and reduction, and of 1,8-bisallyloxy-9,lO-anthraquinone followed by reduction provides regiospecific syntheses of 2-propyl- and 2,7-dipropyl anthralin

an efficient, mild and environmentally friendly method was developed for the strecker reaction to synthesize α-aminonitriles in the presence of methyl imidazolium hydrogen sulfate ([hmim][hso4]) as an efficient catalyst. these syntheses were performed via a one-pot three-component condensation of aldehydes (or ketones), amines, and trimethylsilyl cyanide under mild and solvent free conditions.

The total syntheses of basiliolide C and previously unreported epi-basiliolide C are achieved by an Ireland-Claisen/Diels-Alder cascade. The development of a palladium catalyzed cross-coupling of methoxy alkynyl zinc reagents allows for the protecting-group-free syntheses of transtaganolides C and D. Syntheses of transtaganolides C and D are accomplished in a single operation to generate three ...

Conditions were developed for syntheses of β-enamino esters, thioesters, and amides. These reactions involve hydroxybenzotriazole derivatives in buffered media. Illustrative syntheses of some heterocyclic systems are given, including some related to protein-protein interface mimics.

BACKGROUND There is growing interest in realist synthesis as an alternative systematic review method. This approach offers the potential to expand the knowledge base in policy-relevant areas - for example, by explaining the success, failure or mixed fortunes of complex interventions. No previous publication standards exist for reporting realist syntheses. This standard was developed as part of ...

Census counts of marine microfossils in surface sediments represent an invaluable resource for paleoceanography and for the investigation of macroecological processes. A prerequisite for such applications is the provision of data syntheses for individual microfossil groups. Specific to such syntheses is the necessity of taxonomical harmonisation across the constituent datasets, coupled with der...

BACKGROUND Each year over five million people develop chronic non-malignant pain and can experience healthcare as an adversarial struggle. The aims of this study were: (1) to bring together qualitative evidence syntheses that explore patients' experience of living with chronic non-malignant pain and develop conceptual understanding of what it is like to live with chronic non-malignant pain for ...

Shiga toxin purified to near homogeneity from cell lysates of Shigella dysenteriae 1 inhibited protein and deoxyribonucle acid syntheses in intact HeLa cells. Inhibition was dependent on toxin concentration and time of incubation. A minimal latent period of 30 min was observed with saturating doses of toxin. Ribonucleic acid synthesis, uptake of alpha-aminoisobutyric acid, and maintenance of in...

This short perspective describes recent developments in the synthesis of nanoscale colloids from sparingly soluble precursors. These strategies, which we dubbed 'heterogeneous nanocrystal syntheses' owing to the presence of a precursor in a non-colloidal solid state, have demonstrated the ability to generate new colloidal shapes, a superior monodispersity and a remarkable ability to delay the o...