Symbiosis is receiving increased attention among all aspects of biology because of the unifying themes it helps construct across ecological, evolutionary, developmental, semiochemical, and pest management theory. Insects show a vast array of symbiotic relationships with a wide diversity of microorganisms. These relationships may confer a variety of beneÞts to the host (macrosymbiont), such as d...

mycorrhizal symbiosis increase nutrient uptake and enhance plant growth by elaborating root system. the positive effects of mycorrhizal symbiosis on the growth, physiology and ecology of various plants have been recognized. the symbiotic relations between mycorrhizal fungi and date palm with regard to nutrient uptake by this plant have not yet been explored and studied in iran. this project was...

Relations between graph theory and polyhedra are presented in two contexts. In the first, the symbiotic dependence between 3-connected planar graphs and convex polyhedra is described in detail. In the second, a theory of nonconvex polyhedra is based on a graph-theoretic foundation. This approach eliminates the vagueness and inconsistency that pervade much of the literature dealing with polyhedr...

THE DESIGNATION "OBJECT RELATIONS THEORY" has been used with reference to a wide range of very different kinds of formulations: from Klein's rich and complex depiction of unconscious fantasy, to Fairbairn's highly abstract, schematic structural model, to Bowlby's ethologically-based theory of attachment, to Winnicott's epigramatic paradoxes and pithy observations about children, to Mahler's pow...

We examine some implications of Kropotkin’s seminal work on mutual aid as a factor evolution to analyze how non-competitive life relations are understood in current biological theories. distinguish two research lines deriving from his work: one them studies intraspecific altruism and selfishness, the other is focused interspecific symbiotic relations. Furthermore, we use example pregnancy vivip...

THE DESIGNATION "OBJECT RELATIONS THEORY" has been used with reference to a wide range of very different kinds of formulations: from Klein's rich and complex depiction of unconscious fantasy, to Fairbairn's highly abstract, schematic structural model, to Bowlby's ethologically-based theory of attachment, to Winnicott's epigramatic paradoxes and pithy observations about children, to Mahler's pow...

In the article the author presents a model of interpersonal relationships based on integration of object relations theory and theory of attachment. He proposes three main bipolar dimensions of interpersonal relationships: Independence - Dependence, Connectedness - Alienation and Reciprocity - Self-absorption. The author also proposes that it is important to distinguish between two main types of...