The Indian costus plasma properties are investigated, including electron temperature (Te), density (ne), frequency (fp), Debye sphere length λD, and amount of (ND), using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). study is done for different laser energies ranging from 300 to 600 mJ. Boltzmann plot used calculate the temperature. spectroscopically examined in air with 10 cm away target optica...

Background: Previously described methods for removal of tattoos are chemical, mechanical, surgical, termal and laser assited methods. Invention of the Q-switch mode, advanced the laser method, to be one of the most effective methods of tattoo removal. Objective: Comparing the tattoo removal and rate of lymphatic elimination of 3 different wavelengths of Q-switched Nd-YAG laser (532nm, 1064nm, c...

To date nearly all LII is carried out using Q-switched, flashlamp pumped Nd/YAG lasers with pulse lengths ~10 ns. Although these lasers are well developed and readily available for use in the laboratory and in commercial instruments, they are bulky, inefficient and often the most costly part of an LII system. Cheaper, more compact lasers are becoming available, but very few are able to match th...