chapter i provides an overview of structural linguistics and touches upon the saussurean dichotomies with the final goal of exploring their relevance to the stylistic studies of literature. to provide evidence for the singificance of the study, chapter ii deals with the controversial issue of linguistics and literature, and presents opposing views which, at the same time, have been central to t...

Fostering rural development is one of the greatest recent challenges for development policy. Rural areas have long been threatened by environmental pollutions and degradation, absence of adequate employment opportunities and adequate wages to sustain villagers’ livelihood and social cohesion. Urgency to their present condition provided the basis for the rural tourism development programme in 20...

Economic growth has caused some environmental problems such as energy shortage and environmental pollution. In this regard, in the present study, the analysis of a fixed-sum energy and environmental efficiency to achieve sustainable efficiency in the transport sector of Iran under the limitation of energy consumption and environmental pollution using the Common equilibrium efficient frontier da...

Zero-energy city, sustainable City and zero-carbon city are new terms in cities’ energy management. In this study, a framework of designing a Low-Carbon Eco-City (LCEC) in urban sector of Mashhad with focus on sustainable supply of electrical energy has been simulated. For this purpose, the maximum potential of biomass renewable electricity and expansion of photovoltaic capacity- required to co...

the caspian sea contains great resources of oil and gas. the caspian sea is a 700- mile- long body of water in central asia, land located between azerbaijan, iran, kazakhstan, russia and turkmenistan. iran was challenges and opportunities in the caspian region. key question in this thesis includes three section that first question, opportunities of iran in the caspian region, second question ch...