background: palladium-103 (103pd) is a brachytherapy source for cancer treatment. the monte carlo codes are usually applied for dose distribution and effect of shieldings. monte carlo calculation of dose distribution in water phantom due to a med3633 103pd source is presented in this work. materials and methods: the dose distribution around the 103pd model med3633 located in the center of 30×30...

background: the thyroid gland absorbs nearly all the iodine in the blood, independently of its isotopic composition. when a large enough activity of radioactive iodine like 131i, 132i, 133i is taken into the body, it can destroy the healthy thyroid gland cells as well as the cancer’s cells. in fact, as it is well known, some isotopes of iodine are used not only for acquiring thyroid images but ...

Background: For preclinical evaluations of radiopharmaceuticals, most studies are carried out on mice. Values of electron specific absorbed fractions (SAF) have had vital role in the assessment of absorbed dose. In past studies, electron specific absorbed fractions were given for limited source target pairs using older reports of human organ compositions.Objective: Electron specific absorbed fr...

introduction bnct is an effective method to destroy brain tumoral cells while sparing the healthy tissues. the recommended flux for epithermal neutrons is 109 n/cm2s, which has the most effectiveness on deep-seated tumors. in this paper, it is indicated that using d-t neutron source and optimizing of beam shaping assembly (bsa) leads to treating brain tumors in a reasonable time where all iaea ...

Introduction: Gamma Knife is an instrument specially designed for treating brain disorders. In Gamma Knife, there are 201 narrow beams of cobalt-60 sources that intersect at an isocenter point to treat brain tumors. The tumor is placed at the isocenter and is treated by the emitted gamma rays. Therefore, there is a high dose at this point and a low dose is delivered to the normal tissue surroun...

introduction: gamma knife is an instrument specially designed for treating brain disorders. in gamma knife, there are 201 narrow beams of cobalt-60 sources that intersect at an isocenter point to treat brain tumors. the tumor is placed at the isocenter and is treated by the emitted gamma rays. therefore, there is a high dose at this point and a low dose is delivered to the normal tissue surroun...

MCNP is widely used Monte Carlo program in reactor and nuclear physics. However, an option of simulating electrons was added into the code a few years ago. With this extension MCNP became a code, potentially applicable for applications in medical physics. In 1997, a new version of the code, named MCNP4B was released, which contains several improvements in electron transport modelling. To test s...

introduction: skin dose and depth dose distribution of some beta sources that can contaminate skin or protective clothing covering the skin have been calculated using varskin2. materials and methods: in this research, absorbed dose to skin and depth dose from the skin surface have been calculated for 90sr/90y, 147pm, 32p beta emitter radioisotopes by using input parameters: activity of source, ...