The rapid expansion of wind power generation has brought problems involving lightning strikes to the fore. Many such incidents have damaged not only the wind turbine that was actually struck, but also other turbines that were not. The phenomenon of surge invasion to the distribution line is categorized as “back-flow surge”. It has been reported that this back-flow surge sometimes burns out surg...

Metal oxide surge arresters (ZNO) are used widely in power system to protect equipments from over voltages. Non uniform potential distribution leads to the depressed service life and low safe reliability, so grading ring is applied on HV surge arrester order to uniform the electric field distribution. One of the problems of arresters is leakage current in power frequency that different paramet...

The importance of simulating surge arresters in fast transients programs stems from their useful property as a means of controlling switching overvoltages in EHV and UHV systems. The paper proposes a surge arrester model to be used in conjunction with a transient program based on Fourier transform technique. The validity of the proposed model is demonstrated by computational results.

This paper discusses aspects of outages in the electric transmission network in the Kosovo Power System caused by the atmospheric discharges. Frequency and location of the atmospheric discharges in Kosovo territory will be provided by a lightning location system ALARM (Automated Lightning Alert and Risk Management) and from the data from the Meteorological Department in Prishtina International ...

The operation of parallel surge arresters can improve energy absorption capability if the are similar and installed close to each other. However, it has been reported that any small difference in individual V-I characteristics lead unbalance current sharing. When some distance away from other, travelling wave effects modify effectiveness for overvoltage protection and, this case, detailed simul...

The aim of this research article is to determine the way to install surge arresters close to a power transformer to provide protection against lightning overvoltage. Depending on the length of the cables used in the installation, the insulation levels in base insulators of surge arresters and bushings of transformers change according to the voltage they support. For validation purposes, the vol...

Metal-oxide surge arresters have dynamic characteristics that are significant for overvoltage coordination studies involving fast front surges. Several models with acceptable accuracy have been proposed to simulate this frequency-dependent behavior. Difficulties arise in the calculation and adjustment of the model parameters: in some cases iterative procedures are required, in others the necess...

The principle is shown for lightning protection of power distribution lines taking the effects of surge arresters, overhead ground wires and their combined use into consideration. Moreover an outline of a rational design method targeting direct lightning hits, induced overvoltages and backflow currents from high structures.

This paper present an evaluation of overvoltages in low-voltage LV installation in buildings in cases of direct lightning strikes to overhead medium voltage lines. The study considered typical power systems with lowand medium voltage surge arresters. The calculation have been performed using the EMPTATP