Each cell hosts thousands of proteins that vary greatly in abundance, structure, and chemical properties. To ensure that all proteins are biologically active and properly localized, efficient quality control systems have evolved. While the structure, function, and regulation of some individual protein folding factors and proteases were resolved up to atomic resolution, others remain poorly char...

Mitochondria were derived from intracellular bacteria and the mitochondrial intermembrane space is topologically equivalent to the bacterial periplasm. Both compartments contain ATP-independent chaperones involved in the transport of hydrophobic membrane proteins. The mitochondrial TIM (translocase of the mitochondrial inner membrane) 10 complex and the periplasmic chaperone SurA were examined ...

Little is known about either the process of periplasmic protein folding or how information concerning the folding state in this compartment is communicated. We present evidence that SurA, a periplasmic protein with peptidyl-prolyl isomerase activity, is involved in the maturation and assembly of LamB. LamB is a trimeric outer membrane porin for maltodextrins as well as the bacteriophage lambda ...

The outer membrane proteins (OMPs) of Gram-negative bacterial cells, as well as the mitochondrion and chloroplast organelles, possess unique and highly stable β-barrel structures. Biogenesis of OMPs in Escherichia coli involves such periplasmic chaperones as SurA and Skp. In this study, we found that the ΔsurA Δskp double-deletion strain of E. coli, although lethal and defective in the biogenes...

The twin arginine translocation (Tat) pathway exports folded proteins from the cytoplasm to the periplasm of bacteria. The targeting of the exported proteins to the Tat pathway relies on a specific amino-terminal signal sequence, which is cleaved after exportation. In the phytopathogen Dickeya dadantii, the pectin lyase homologue PnlH is exported by the Tat pathway without cleavage of its signa...

Urban Green Spaces (UGS) are highly valued by landscape and urban planners for their positive impact on city quality of life. More than half Cairo's population has less 0.5 m2/person, which is a staggering ratio that considerably below the city's average 1.7 m2. Egypt per capita UGS 3.1 m2, compared to 11.8 m2 in Paris 26.7 London. The National Organization Harmony (NOUH) created guideline assi...

Specific features of Soma plant are implict from various references in Rigveda enabling its identity as ephedra. Its juice is an energizer - cum - euphoriant contrary to the intoxicant sura. Sura is beer prepared from barely malt. Soma is the juice of ephedra rich in ephedrine which is antisomnalent. At least one use of soma has never been substituted, as the drink of longevity for a newly born...

no doupt that the qur'anic expression contains secrets and aesthetics and artistic touches and images which show that the quran art intended to support this opinion that it isn’t people speech. so, this research is going to study sura «sad» using a stylistic approach, which focuses on data general linguistic and deals with the role of image and music sounds  and vocabularies in  sura, and ...

The PEB4 protein is an antigenic virulence factor implicated in host cell adhesion, invasion, and colonization in the food-borne pathogen Campylobacter jejuni. peb4 mutants have defects in outer membrane protein assembly and PEB4 is thought to act as a periplasmic chaperone. The crystallographic structure of PEB4 at 2.2-Å resolution reveals a dimer with distinct SurA-like chaperone and peptidyl...