Pieces of kidney and/or lung from adult frog (Rana pipiens) when implanted under the dorsal skin of the lower arm (mid-radius/ulna level) of Ambystoma maculatum larvae, induced supernumerary limbs in over 75% of the cases. Liver was completely ineffective in inducing ability. However, liver did not lower the inducing capacity of lung in combination grafts. When the insertion hole was distal to ...

The perception of a phantom limb is commonly reported after amputations. However, only a few cases have been described after a stroke. This article presents a patient who reported a supernumerary phantom limb (pseudopolymelia) after spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage and discusses the possible underlying mechanisms for this rare phenomenon.

The pattern of differentiated wing structures formed following 180° rotation of the undifferentiated wing bud tip on its base was examined in detail. These analyses were performed to determine the handedness and origin of the supernumerary structures which arise. In contrast to the variable classes of symmetric and/or asymmetric limb anatomies observed following the same operation with amphibia...

In a Xenopus toad, two partially functioning supernumerary hind limbs developed naturally on the right side and were innervated by the ipsilateral side of the spinal cord. The number of ventral horn cells on the right was 18% higher than on the left while the combined mass of limb muscle on the right was estimated to be a 100% greater. This result corroborates studies with transplanted supernum...

INTRODUCTION Polymelia, or congenital duplication of a limb, is an extremely rare entity in humans, with few cases reported in the literature. CASE PRESENTATION We present the case of a six-month-old Hispanic boy born with a lower limb bud on the left posterior thigh. CONCLUSION The infant had a favorable outcome and evolution after surgical treatment of his supernumerary limb, with no afte...

Single anatomical variation in the upper limb is common, but the coexistence of neuromuscular anomalies is still rare. We found a combined neuromuscular variation in the upper limb in a 61-year-old Korean male cadaver, whose cause of death was laryngeal carcinoma, during a routine dissection course for medical students. In his left arm, a supernumerary head of the biceps brachii muscle attached...

The many different types and variations of deformities of limbs in animals and man are usually described and grouped from the morphological or genetical point of view. A very few biological experiments have been done for the purpose of elucidating the causes which produce special types of deformities in the embryo. In an earlier paper (Brandt, 1940) the author has shown that supernumerary limbs...

The results of a series of skin grafting experiments performed on the hindlimb of the newt Triturus cristatus are described. In an attempt to limit the position of origin and the complexity of supernumerary limb outgrowths four experimental features were varied. These were 1) size of skin grafts; 2) their position of origin; 3) the position to which they were grafted; and 4) the presence or abs...