snow cover area is one of the most important criteria to calculate snow melt runoff. this can have an effect on the biology of the plant and the environment of a region. using the catchment basin physical characteristic to calculate snow cover area is a conventional method, though its accuracy is not good enough. most of the useful methods in calculating snow cover area are based on satellite i...

Italian soldiers carrying their skis marching up snow-covered mountain trails. Some of the most ferocious mountain warfare to date occurred during World War I between Italian and Austrian armies, far outstripping mountain battles in other wars. This photograph was taken in April, when the snow had been softened by the warmer rays of the sun and the path made almost impassable by the slush. The ...

The spatial distribution of the mountain snow cover is of high importance for many issues in hydrology (e.g. water supply, flooding), natural hazards (e.g. snow avalanches) or mountain ecology. The snow distribution is typically characterised by a strong spatial heterogeneity, that is the result of different processes interacting with the local topography. Characterising this spatial heterogene...

Capabilities and methods for snow mapping in mountainous areas using the Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar (ASAR) on board of ENVISAT were investigated. For algorithm development the backscattering signatures of snow covered and snow free surfaces in Alpine valleys and on mountain slopes were studied with ASAR data of different look angles and polarizations in comparison with field measurements...

The mountain pygmy possum (Burramys parvus) is an endangered marsupial restricted to boulder fields in the Australian Alps, where it hibernates under the snow during winter. Understanding its habitat requirements is essential for conservation, so we examine here ecological implications of the thermal consequences of maintaining water balance during the hibernation season. Hibernating mountain p...

While pitfall trapping is generally accepted as the standard method for sampling carabid beetles, this method has rarely been used in mountain ecosystems, mainly due to the high labour intensity it involves. As part of a research project in the German Alps, we investigated the phenologic appearance of adult carabid beetles in mountain ecosystems along with the consequences of possible reduction...

Observations from several mountain ranges reveal that the height of the transition from snowfall to rainfall, the snow line, can intersect the terrain at an elevation hundreds of meters below its elevation in the free air upwind. This mesoscale lowering of the snow line affects both the accumulation of mountain snowpack and the generation of storm runoff. A unique multiyear view of this behavio...

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