The focus of this paper was to identify a cheaper solvent from among diesel fuel, kerosene, sulfolane or a mixture of sulfolane and cyclohexanol for the preparation of cyanuric acid heterocyclization of urea. To obtain a higher yield, the effects of catalyst (sodium, ammonium, calcium and zinc salts) and temperature (160 degrees C to 220 degrees C) on the trimerization of urea were also careful...

Recently sulfolane has been detected in well water within the town of North Pole, Alaska. A plume was identified in groundwater, originating from a petroleum refinery, and the highest concentration measured in wells outside the refinery was 269 ppb as of January 2011. Due to the contamination, residents were being provided bottled water for use and additional wells were created outside the plum...

Described is a GC-MS method for the determination of the levels of sulfolane (tetrahydrothiophene 1,1-dioxide, C4H8O2S; a water miscible chemical used in the sweetening of sour gas) in wetland vegetation (roots, shoots, berries, seeds, grasses, and leaves). The technique was developed to provide positive detection of sulfolane in a variety of wetland vegetation and to determine the extent to wh...

The investment and annual costs for a separation of aromatic hydrocarbons from a naphtha feed (~10 % aromatics) can be 35 to 70 % lower for an extraction with ionic liquids compared to an extraction with sulfolane. Aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene and xylenes) and C4 C10 aliphatic hydrocarbons are normally separated by liquid extraction, extractive distillation or azeotrop...

Co(II)-based metalloradical catalysis has, for the first time, been successfully applied for asymmetric intramolecular C–H alkylation of acceptor/acceptor-substituted diazo reagents. Through the design and synthesis of a new D2-symmetric chiral amidoporphyrin as the supporting ligand, the Co(II)-based metalloradical system, which operates at room temperature, is capable of 1,5-C–H alkylation of...

A new approach using fast atom bombardment combined with mass spectrometry to characterize polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the range of 128-252 u molecular weight is described. Sulfolane was employed as a liquid matrix for these π-conjugated hydrocarbons. Bombardment of sulfolane solution of certain PAHs with an atom beam produces both radical cation (M(+.)) and protonated molecule [...

BACKGROUND Vapor–liquid and liquid–liquid equilibria of unsaturated saturated hydrocarbons with the bio-based solvent dihydrolevoglucosenone, trademarked as Cyrene, have been reported recently, aiming at utilization in extraction (LLX) extractive distillation (ED). In this work, for a model system comprised methylcyclohexane (MCH) toluene (TOL), both LLX-based ED-based processes were compared o...

Solvent is one of the important components in chemical processes. The type solvent that often used paint and coating industry a hydrocarbon-based which consists diverse complex mixture liquids contains aliphatic, alicyclic aromatic (C5-C8) elements. Aromatic hydrocarbons are environmental pollutants known to be toxic, carcinogenic mutagenic, so with an content less than 1% needed. An appropriat...