department of islamic philosophy and wisdom, university of zanjan the “mashriqiyya principle”, trusted by the persian theosophists and the basis for their light wisdom that suhrawardī tried to revive, is the principle of light and darkness. philosophy of illumination (ḥikmat ishrāq), as a discursive-intuitive philosophy, is a light-oriented metaphysical wisdom. in this wisdom, light is the secr...

Futuwwa is considered a mystical concept as moral ideal that we can see in almost every culture. Ṣūfīs blended futuwwa with content order to distinguish themselves from various conceptions and experiences adopted by segments different priorities. In this context, the principle of adherence religious provisions was prioritized on basis definitions futuwwa, virtues aimed at protecting law others ...