In opinion of substructure cascade, multimode feed network is composed of impedance transforming substructure and isolating substructure. Starting from the characteristic of the substructure in multimode feed network, a method of measurement for its three-port scatter parameters of substructure is presented, based on the applying of the available two-port vector network analyzer (VNA), consider...

A key challenge in the SAD phasing method is solving a structure when the anomalous signal-to-noise ratio is low. A simple theoretical framework for describing measurements of anomalous differences and the resulting useful anomalous correlation and anomalous signal in a SAD experiment is presented. Here, the useful anomalous correlation is defined as the correlation of anomalous differences wit...

The Higgs mechanism is the favourite cure for the main problem with electroweak unification, namely how to reconcile a gauge theory with the need for massive gauge bosons. This problem does not exist in preon models for quark and lepton substructure with composite Z 0 and W s, which, consequently, also avoid all other theoretical complications and paradoxes with the Higgs mechanism. We present ...

This paper is the rst in a series of three which culminates in an ordinal analysis of 1 2-comprehension. On the set-theoretic side 1 2-comprehension corresponds to Kripke-Platek set theory, KP, plus 1-separation. The strength of the latter theory is encapsulated in the fact that it proves the existence of ordinals such that, for all > , is-stable, i.e. L is a 1-elementary substructure of L. The...

Observations of multiple-image gravitational lens systems suggest that the projected mass distributions of galaxy haloes may contain substantial inhomogeneities. The fraction of the halo mass in dense substructure is still highly uncertain, but could be as large as a few percent. While halo substructure is seen in numerical simulations of CDM haloes, little of this substructure survives in the ...

Recent results include the measurement of B → D(∗)π+π−π−πo decays, with rates of ∼1.8%, observation of a significant ωπ substructure that appears to result from the decay of the ρ resonance, whose mass and width we determine as 1418 MeV and 382 MeV, respectively. Using B to charmonium decays we find that the B fraction in Υ(4S) decays is nearly half, that the CP asymmetries in J/ψK and ψK are s...

The ITER divertor will be more collisional than divertors in existing tokamaks. The neutral modeling tools used for predictive ITER modeling need to be validated for similar divertor conditions in order to increase confidence in the results. The EIRENE neutral code has been applied to the Alcator C-Mod divertor, where collisional effects such as Lyman series photon trapping and neutral viscosit...

In a previous article, we defined a very flexible notion of suborbifold and characterized those suborbifolds which can arise as the images of orbifold embeddings. In particular, suborbifolds are images of orbifold embeddings precisely when they are saturated and split. This article addresses the problem of orbifold structure inheritance for three orbifolds Q ⊂ P ⊂ O. We identify an appealing bu...

A bstract The CKM matrix is not generic. Wolfenstein parametrization encodes structure by having one small parameter, λ ≈ 0 . 22. We pose the question: there substructure in that goes beyond single parameter of parameterization? find two relations are approximately satisfied: |V td | 2 = cb 3 and ub us 4 discuss statistical significance these they may indicate deeper matrix. current precision, ...

We demonstrate that pulsar timing measurements may be able to detect the presence of dark matter substructure within our own galaxy. As dark matter substructure transits near the line-of-sight between a pulsar and an observer, the change in the gravitational field will result in a delay of the light-travel-time of photons. We calculate the effect of this delay due to transiting dark matter subs...