The replacement of an existing product with a new one presents many challenges. In particular, uncertainties in a new product introduction often lead to extreme cases of demand and supply mismatches. This paper addresses inventory planning decisions for product upgrades when there is no replenishment opportunity during the transition period. We allow product substitution: when a company runs ou...

To achieve a composite product an agent needs sometimes to participate in multiple auctions. Dependences between components of the composite product (including substitute items) are represented in the Simple Hierarchical Order Planner (SHOP) domain. The bidding strategy of the agent is adaptive according to market conditions and the future auction price is estimated with a linear Kalman filter.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the use of Bear Brand coffee creamer as a food for infants and the impact on consumers of the logo of a cartoon baby bear held by its mother in the breastfeeding position. DESIGN Interviews with paediatricians throughout the country and a national survey of potential consumers regarding their perceptions and use of the Bear Brand coffee creamer. SETTING 84 randomise...

0377-2217/$ see front matter 2012 Elsevier B.V. A http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2012.09.003 ⇑ Corresponding author. Tel.: +886 35742653; fax: E-mail address: [email protected] (U.-P. Wen This study considers pricing policies in a supply chain with one manufacturer, who sells a product to an independent retailer and directly to consumers through an Internet channel. In addition to the manu...

This paper employs the manufacturing sampling survey data from the industry, commerce, and service census of Taiwan in 1991 to explore the issue of whether IT investment brings about the productivity paradox. In order to take the improvement of product quality caused by IT investment into account, a proper computer price index is used to deflate the IT variable. This paper applies the Translog ...

The work of this paper aims to provide a practical software product, the intelligently gathering, processing and utilizing for the leaders of agricultural departments, research institutions, library and information systems and information consultancy departments, etc. The software product is an information processing platform integrated intelligent gathering, automatic indexing, and search and ...

A stable, polymerized hemoglobin product has been formulated that overcomes the three traditional hurdles of hemoglobin-based blood substitutes: nephrotoxicity, osmotic diuresis, and blood-borne pathogens. We present a case of a patient with persistent colonic bleeding and a hemoglobin of 2.9 g/100 mL. Since her religious faith prevented her from accepting blood products, we offered a hemoglobi...

This paper considers vertical relations between an upstream manufacturer and a downstream retailer that can independently obtain a low-quality, discount substitute. The analysis reveals that under full information the retailer offers both varieties only if it is optimal to do so under vertical integration. However, when the retailer is privately informed about demand, then the retailer will off...

Malt extract is a highly viscous, rich in sugars, water-based solution. It is produced by means of vacuum evaporation of a sugar solution (mash) in the brewing industry. It is a natural flavour and colorant and is widely used in baking, confectionery, breakfast cereals, malt beverages, dairy products, sauces and as a caramel substitute. The difficult handling and dosing of that viscous liquid p...

Tissue engineered skin substitutes for wound healing have evolved tremendously over the last couple of years. New advances have been made toward developing skin substitutes made up of artificial and natural materials. Engineered skin substitutes are developed from acellular materials or can be synthesized from autologous, allograft, xenogenic, or synthetic sources. Each of these engineered skin...