Erosion causes substantial damage in many industrial equipment such as pump components, valves, elbows, and plugged tees. In most cases, erosion is coupled with corrosion, resulting major financial loss (nearly 3.4% of the global gross domestic product) evidenced oil gas industries. occurs a submerged water medium. this paper, characteristics stainless steel 316 were investigated computationall...

many experimental studies have been conducted on development of the scour hole as a result of vertical jet impaction. research has shown that aeration of the nappe flow in the model is much weaker than that in the prototype. therefore, the influence of aeration on scour holes needs further study. experimental investigation of the effects of air entrainment and tail water depth on the scour hole...