In this study, we have investigated variations in the potential of floating and submerged leaves of longleaf pondweed (Potamogeton nodosus) to withstand silver ion (Ag+)-toxicity. Both floating and submerged leaves changed clear colorless AgNO3 solutions to colloidal brown in the presence of light. Transmission electron microscopy revealed the presence of distinct crystalline Ag-nanoparticles (...

Barrier function of cultured skin substitutes (CSS) is required for their effective use in clinical treatment of skin wounds, and for percutaneous absorption in vitro. Arachidonic, palmitic, oleic, and linoleic free fatty acids, in conjunction with the antioxidant alpha-tocopherol acetate (lipid supplements, "LS"), were added to nutrient media of CSS to provide precursors of epidermal barrier l...

Simulations of self-propelled submerged bodies have been conducted in idealized environments with simple environmental geometries and stratifications. The focus of those simulations was on improving the submarine performance, including reduced drag, less vortex production, improved maneuverability and greater speed. Thus, many of the simulations focused on the near field and on complex, realist...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Over the last decade, Agaricus blazei Murrill has been studied and developed as a novel functional food in Japan, Korea, China, and Taiwan. Due to the low yields, the fruiting bodies of A. blazei Murrill are relatively expensive, and a cheap and stable source of A. blazei Murrill mycelium for commercial purposes is highly desirable. Culture media and conditions were inves...

In this study, we proposed a novel scheme for the implementation of the no-slip boundary condition in thelattice Boltzmann method (LBM) . In detail , we have substituted the classical bounce-back idea by the direct immersed boundary specification . In this way we construct the equilibrium density functions in such a way that it feels the no-slip boundaries . Therefore , in fact a kind of equili...

The spatio-temporal characteristics of turbulent separations beneath semi-submerged bluff bodies with different undersurface roughness conditions are studied using a time-resolved particle image velocimetry. Reynolds number based on the free-stream velocity and submergence depth was fixed to 14 400. Three – smooth, sandpaper cube were examined. results showed that wall reduces mean reattachment...

Submerged macrophytes enhance water transparency and aquatic biodiversity in shallow water ecosystems. Therefore, the return of submerged macrophytes is the target of many lake restoration projects. However, at present, north-western European aquatic ecosystems are increasingly invaded by omnivorous exotic crayfish. We hypothesize that invasive crayfish pose a novel constraint on the regenerati...

The main aim of this work consists in screening the optimal biotechnology of medicinal mushroom cultivation from the solid-state fermentation and the submerged one by using different kinds of wastes coming from cereal crop processing as well as the agro-food industry. The both fermentation technologies were tested through the controlled cultivation of the medicinal mushrooms Ganoderma lucidum a...