Subunit vaccines that are poorly immunogenic are often combined with adjuvants for immunization. Our previous research identified a pneumolysin variant (ΔA146Ply), a Toll-like receptor 4 agonist, that was an effective adjuvant in the protection of fusion protein DnaJ-ΔA146Ply against mucosal Streptococcus pneumoniae infections. For pneumococcal vaccines, World Health Organization recommend inje...

Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major pathogen leading to substantial morbidity and mortality in children under 5 years of age. Vaccination is an effective strategy to prevent S. pneumoniae infection. SPY1 is a pneumococcal vaccine candidate strain obtained in our previous study. To improve its stability and immunogencity, in this study, we constructed the SPY1ΔlytA strain that lacks autolysin ac...

Objective(s): An efficient vaccine against TB is an urgent need. TB peptides are safe candidate but they are weak immunogens and needs to be potentiated by adjuvant/delivery systems. The main purpose of the present study was to determine the potential of CHT based NPs containing ESAT-6 antigen of M. tuberculosis for inducing mucosal and systemic immune responses after intranasal and subcutaneou...

DNA vaccine encoding tumor associated antigens (TAAs) is an attractive strategy for tumor vaccine development. But its efficacy to induce efficient anti-tumor immunity needs to be improved. In this study, we combined immunization with such a plasmid at the ear pinna site (i.e.) with co-immunization with another plasmid (pHN) encoding the Hemaglutinin-Neuraminidase (HN) protein of the NDV virus ...

Intranasal (i.n.) immunization with bacterial protein antigens coupled to cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) effectively induces mucosal, especially salivary immunoglobulin A (IgA), and nonmucosal antibody responses in mice. To examine the regional distribution of antigen-specific B and T cells after i.n. immunization, antibody-secreting cells and antigen-responsive T cells in cervical lymph nodes (...

PURPOSE To determine whether immunization with recombinant Hsp60 would exacerbate ocular pathology on challenge with viable chlamydial elementary bodies. METHODS Guinea pigs were immunized either subcutaneously with recombinant Hsp60 or both subcutaneously with recombinant Hsp60 and ocularly with attenuated Salmonella typhimurium expressing the guinea pig inclusion conjunctivitis (GPIC) Hsp60...

Immunization of humans and APP-tg mice with full-length beta-amyloid (Abeta) results in reduced cerebral Abeta levels. However, due to adverse events in the AN1792 trial, alternative vaccines are required. We investigated dendrimeric Abeta1-15 (dAbeta1-15), which is composed of 16 copies of Abeta1-15 peptide on a branched lysine core and thus, includes an Abeta-specific B cell epitope but lacks...

This work aims at identifying an effective protocol to raise anti-Leishmania chagasi amastigote antibodies in different animal species. Protocols of immunization by subcutaneous injections of L. chagasi promastigote and amastigote lysates or by either intravenous or subcutaneous inoculation of live metacyclic promastigotes were assessed in mice, rabbits, and dogs. The immunization with live pro...

Intramammary infections in cattle resulting in mastitis have detrimental effects on cows' well-being, lifespan and milk production. In the host defense against S. aureus mastitis antibodies are thought to play an important role. To explore potential ways to increase antibody titers in the bovine mammary gland the effects of various adjuvants on the magnitude, isotype, and neutralizing capacity ...

• We conducted transcutaneous vaccination using a dissolving microneedle patch. verified the immune induction mechanism of vaccination. Production some cytokines and chemokines was rapidly induced in skin. Migration skin-resident antigen-presenting cells to lymph nodes promoted. T B cell differentiation more enhanced than subcutaneous immunization. Transcutaneous immunization (TCI) is an appeal...