The nature and extent of hydrogen bonding in water has been scrutinized for decades, including how it manifests in optical properties. Here we report vacuum ultraviolet absorption spectra for the lowest-lying electronic state of subcritical and supercritical water. For subcritical water, the spectrum redshifts considerably with increasing temperature, demonstrating the gradual breakdown of the ...

In this study, subcritical water was used for the extraction and fractionation of organic atmospheric particulate. Two types of carbonaceous aerosol, diesel exhaust particulate (a relatively nonpolar matrix) and wood smoke particulate (a polar matrix), were sequentially extracted using subcritical water at temperatures ranging from 25°C to 300°C. The importance of each fraction was evaluated us...

Subcritical water is an alternative and environmentally friendly processing medium with interesting applications in many fields of research1. Its ability to degrade natural biopolymers2 (cellulose, protein etc.) into smaller, usually water-soluble products (sugars, amino acids etc.) has been found to be quite useful, especially in waste and biomass processing technologies. Nevertheless, for foo...

In a previous study, hydrolysates of porcine placenta were obtained and the extraction efficiency for proteins and amino acids was compared between sub- and super-critical water extraction systems; optimum efficiency was found to be achieved using subcritical water (170℃, 10 bar). In this study, the effects of adding ethanol to the subcritical water system were investigated. The lowest-molecula...

Reverse phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) is a commonly used separation and analysis technique. RPLC typically employs mixtures of organic solvents and water or aqueous buffers as the mobile phase. With RPLC being used on a global scale, enormous quantities of organic solvents are consumed every day. In addition to the purchasing cost of the hazardous solvents, the issue of waste disposal is a...

Este trabalho apresenta os resultados de um estudo sobre o uso da água subcrítica, como reagente e solvente, para a reação de hidrólise de óleo de milho sem o emprego de ácidos e base entre as temperaturas de 150-280 °C. A hidrólise de óleo de milho leva à formação dos seus respectivos ácidos graxos, com a mesma eficiência dos métodos convencionais. Os ácidos graxos formam um grupo importante d...

Peel-and-stick process, or water-assisted transfer printing (WTP), represents an emerging process for transferring fully fabricated thin-film electronic devices with high yield and fidelity from a SiO2/Si wafer to various non-Si based substrates, including papers, plastics and polymers. This study illustrates that the fundamental working principle of the peel-and-stick process is based on the w...