We provide measures of absolute and relative equity agency costs for corporations under different ownership and management structures. Our base case is Jensen and Meckling's (1976) zero agency-cost firm, where the manager is the firm’s sole shareholder. Utilizing a sample of 1,708 small corporations from the FRB/NSSBF database, we find evidence supporting several predictions of agency cost theo...

In the present paper, we have been trying mainly to define the concepts of agency-structure, so that by understanding the concepts of agency-structure, we sought to discover these concepts in the mindset of Beheshti. The concepts of agency-structure are among the fundamental and vital concepts associated with how governments are recognized. By identifying the extent of the powers, the rights an...

the aim of this empirical study is to explore the trade-off model and pecking order model of capital structure. the investigation is performed using panel data procedures for a sample of 76 firms listed in tehran stock exchange during 2007-2010.the study employs ols regression model in examining the capital structure of firms in iran. the study employs variables reflecting differing theoretical...

Over the course of my career, my intellectual energies have focused on academic achievement and motivation, subjects that stand at the intersection of psychology and sociology. It was the life course paradigm formulated by Glen H. Elder, Jr., that animated my thinking about the sociological component of my research. Today, Elder’s perspective is widely appreciated but in the 1970s, during a for...

Ilona Kickbusch’s thought provoking editorial is criticized in this commentary, partly because she fails to refer to previous critical work on the global conditions and policies that sustain inequality, poverty, poor health and damage to the biosphere and, as a result, she misreads global power and elides consideration of the fundamental historical structures of political and material power tha...