CONTEXT Complete Streets policies guide planning in communities by making the transportation system accommodating to all users including vehicle drivers, pedestrians, and bicyclists, as well as those using public transportation. While the number of Complete Streets policies has increased over the past decade, no research has explored the factors attributing to the widespread diffusion of these ...

City streets in this country represent an annual capital outlay of $3,133 billion, based on 1966 data. This figure is more than one-third of the total annual capital outlay for all streets and highways, $9,123 billion. Another $1,114 billion was spent annually for maintenance of city streets, so $4,247 billion was spent each year on city streets. O f this total $4 billion, $2.5 billion went to ...

OBJECTIVES To compare child pedestrian injury rates on one-way versus two-way streets in Hamilton, and examine whether the characteristics of child pedestrian injuries differ across street types. METHODS The rates of injury per child population, per kilometre, per year were calculated by age, sex and socio-economic status (SES). Child, environment and driver characteristics were investigated ...

A fundamental problem in robotics is to compute a path for a robot from its current location to a given goal. In this paper we consider the problem of a robot equipped with an on-board vision system searching for a goal g in an unknown environment. We assume that the robot is originally located at a point s on the boundary of a street polygon. A street is a simple polygon with two distinguished...

Article history: Received 5 April 2016 Received in revised form 14 September 2016 Accepted 15 September 2016 Available online 15 September 2016 In 2013, San Francisco was one of eight sites funded by Partnership for a Healthier America to implement Play Streets, a smaller-scale Open Streets-type initiative, aimed at increasing physical activity (PA) among children and youth by closing neighborh...

OBJECTIVES To investigate if the population living along streets with high traffic density has a higher prevalence of chronic respiratory symptoms. METHODS A sample of 673 adults and 106 children (0-15 years), living along busy traffic streets in the city of Haarlem was compared with a control sample of 812 adults and 185 children living along quiet streets. Exposed and control streets were s...

Maintaining human thermal comfort (HTC) is essential for pedestrians because people outside can be more susceptible to heat stress and heat stroke. Modification of street microclimates using tree canopy cover can provide important benefits to pedestrians, but how beneficial and under what circumstances is not clear. On sunny summer days, microclimatic measures were made in residential streets w...

One hundred and fifty-six homeless adolescents and 319 homeless adults interviewed directly on the streets and in shelters were compared for backgrounds of abuse, adaptations to life on the streets, and rates of criminal victimization when on the streets. Homeless adolescents were more likely to be from abusive family backgrounds, more likely to rely on deviant survival strategies, and more lik...

Many natural and man-made lineaments form networks that can be analysed through entropy and energy considerations. Here we report the results of a detailed study of the variations in trends and lengths of 1554 named streets and 6004 street segments, forming a part of the evolving street network of the city of Dundee in East Scotland. Based on changes in the scaling exponents (ranging from 0.24 ...

STUDY OBJECTIVE To examine how child pedestrian exposure to risk, as measured by the mean number of streets crossed, varies according to indices of material disadvantage and ethnic group. DESIGN A questionnaire on pedestrian exposure to risk was distributed to children for completion by parents and return to school. Children from 40 schools were selected using a probability cluster design. ...