Motivation: C. elegans, a roundworm found in soil, is a widely studied model organism with about 1000 cells in the adult. Producing high-resolution fluorescence images of C. elegans to reveal biological insights is becoming routine, motivating the development of advanced computational tools for analyzing the resulting image stacks. For example worm bodies usually curve significantly in images. ...

In this issue of Cell, Sparrow et al. propose a new mechanism for sporadically occurring congenital scoliosis in which Notch signaling and hypoxia converge in the embryo on somite patterning via the segmentation clock. This interaction between hypoxia and a predisposed genetic background might underlie other birth defects with incomplete penetrance.

Protein side chain interactions between residues separated by at least one loop or turn or break in the amino acid sequence are called 'nonlocal contacts' in this manuscript, and contiguous sets of such interactions located between segments of secondary structure are called 'contact zones.' A new interactive program, the quaternion contact ribbon tool, has been developed to help protein chemist...

young man who was apparently in the best oi health was suddenly seized on the 1st November with an attack of fever and headache accompanied with excruciating pain and enlargement of the glands in the right groin. The pain in the groin was so severe that he could not straighten his leg. The symptoms increased in severity, and 011 the afternoon of November 2nd he became insensible, when his tempe...

The propagation of cell shape across generations is remarkably robust in most bacteria. Even when deformations are acquired, growing cells progressively recover their original shape once the deforming factors are eliminated. For instance, straight-rod-shaped bacteria grow curved when confined to circular microchambers, but straighten in a growth-dependent fashion when released. Bacterial cell s...

There are mutants of Salmonella enterica (with mutations in fliF and fliL) that shed flagella when they are swimming in a viscous medium or on the surface of soft agar. Filaments with hooks and the distal rod segment FlgG are recovered. We tried to extract flagellar filaments from such cells by pulling on them with an optical trap but failed, even when we used forces large enough to straighten ...

We report a rare but severe complication of routine transnasal esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD). The tip of a transnasal endoscope was locked in a bent position. Since the bent tip was unable to be returned to a neutral position, the snare from another endoscope inserted transorally was used to straighten it, which allowed the transnasal endoscope to be withdrawn with only mild injury to the ga...

The Heisenberg hierarchy and its Hamiltonian structure are obtained respectively by use of the zero curvature equation trace identity. With help Lax matrix we introduce an algebraic curve $${\mathcal {K}}_{n}$$ arithmetic genus n, from which define meromorphic function $$\phi $$ straighten out all flows associated with under Abel–Jacobi coordinates. Finally, get explicit theta representations...