BACKGROUND Over 70% of Canadian carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) operations are performed outside of the main operating room (OR) with field sterility and surgeon-administered pure local anesthesia [LeBlanc et al., Hand 2(4):173-8, 14]. Is main OR sterility necessary to avoid infection for this operation? This study evaluates the infection rate in carpal tunnel release (CTR) using minor procedure r...

Tetrad sterility, in which only clumps of four premature pollen grains are released from anthers, has been observed some modern potato cultivars. It is a form cytoplasmic male sterility caused by the cytoplasm derived Mexican tetraploid species Solanum stoloniferum Schltdl. & Bouché., an important source resistance to Potato virus Y breeding. However, since S. highly polymorphic, tetrad-sterili...

The genetic basis of male and female sterility in hybrids of Drosophila pseudoobscura-Drosophila persimilis was studied using backcross analysis. Previous studies indirectly assessed male fertility by measuring testis size; these studies concluded that male sterility results from an X chromosome-autosome imbalance. By directly scoring for the production of motile sperm, male sterility is shown ...

ATSON and CASPARI (1960) developed a mathematical model to study the VU behavior of cytoplasmic pollen sterility in populations. They dealt with a population possessing two kinds of cytoplasm and pollen sterility resulting from an interaction of the recessive homozygote with one of the cytoplasms. Under these conditions the frequencies of the maternally transmitted cytoplasms remained unchanged...

Much evidence has shown that postzygotic reproductive isolation (hybrid inviability or sterility) evolves by the accumulation of interlocus incompatibilities between diverging populations. Although in theory only a single pair of incompatible loci is needed to isolate species, empirical work in Drosophila has revealed that hybrid fertility problems often are highly polygenic and complex. In thi...

Hybrid male sterility is a common barrier to gene flow between species. Previous studies have posited a link between misregulation of spermatogenesis genes in interspecies hybrids and sterility. However, in the absence of fully fertile control hybrids, it is impossible to differentiate between misregulation associated with sterility vs. fast male gene regulatory evolution. Here, we differentiat...

Hybrid male sterility is one of the most rapidly evolving postzygotic reproductive barriers, which has received special attention in the study of speciation. In Drosophila, in majority of interspecific crosses, hybrid males are sterile while females are fertile. Why hybrid males are sterile remains a fundamental question for evolutionary biologists. A number of investigations have been carried ...