Washed Mycoplasma organisms died rapidly when suspended in 0435 yo (w/v) NaCl prepared in laboratory ‘distilled’ water (steam condensate) at room temperature; this rapid killing was decreased by adding to the suspensions certain chelating agents, reducing agents or finely ground manganese dioxide. Washed organisms survived well in potassium phosphate (K,HPO,, 0.01 M adjusted to pH 7) dissolved ...

Phase transformation affects multiphase flow in geothermal and gas-condensate reservoirs due to the same substance occurring in different phases. These effects change the phase behavior and the flow characteristics. The goals of this research were to compare the flow behavior and relative permeabilities difference between two-phase flow with and without phase transformation effects in smooth-wa...

Steam traps play a significant role in condensate evacuation from steam as well heating ventilation and cooling systems (HVAC), i.e., industrial climate chambers. Preventive maintenance periodical audit of increase reliability reduce the number facility off hours. In some elements system, can damage parts, which means that monitoring their function is one basic preventive tasks. One way checkin...

The recently concluded OECD SETH project included experiments on basic flows and gas transport and mixing driven by jets and plumes in the multi-compartment geometry (two large, connected vessels) of the PANDA facility, which have been simulated with the advanced containment code GOTHIC. The two experiments considered here featured injection of saturated steam in one vessel and venting from the...

Steam transformers are evaporators that operate as dedicated vapour and condensate producing cells. This practice is found in the sugar refining industry and beet sugar factories, but is generally not found in raw sugar factories. Green field investments often overlook the need for such equipment, but its application can have tremendous benefits for the safe operation of the boiler. This paper ...

A simulation model for a vertical U-tube steam condenser in which the condensate is stored at the bottom well is developed in this paper. The U-tubes carrying the coolant are partially submerged in the stored condensate and thus the bottom well acts as a heat exchanger. The storage of hydraulic and thermal energies is represented using a coupled pseudo-bond graph model. Advection effects are mo...

The majority of the electricity generated in the United States is produced by steamdriven turbine-generators. A very important step in this power generation process is the condensation of exhaust steam from the final, low-pressure turbine. When the steam condenses, the rapid decrease in vapor-to-liquid specific volumes creates a vacuum at the turbine outlet (monitored as turbine backpressure) t...

Silica residue is the main product of the alteration of a rhyolitic, tuff-rich, volcanic substrate by acid sulfate condensate formed, in a major steam field at Tikitere, near Rotorua. Here steam and accompanying H2S discharge in an area characterized by large standing pools of acid water and mud pots. As in silica sinters, that precipitate from hot, near-neutral, alkali chloride waters, the fir...